tibia. The larvae are grubs, which never exceed 18 or 20 mm in length. Adults are 
most common in June and July, and the life cycle requires 2 to 3 years (1056). 
Dichelonyx albicollis (Burmeister) is a well-known species. It has been recorded 
from New Jersey, Michigan, and Ontario and feeds during both the day and night on 
the needles of pine, especially jack pine. The adult is greenish, shiny, and about 12 
mm long. D. elongata (F.) occurs from New England and New Jersey to Oklahoma 
and Kansas. The adults feed at night on the leaves of various hardwoods, especially 
sweet birch and alder. The adult is smaller and somewhat darker than the adult of D. 
albicollis. A third species, D. subvittata LeConte, has been recorded feeding on 
oak, hazel, and pine from New England to the Lake States and in southern Canada. 
The genus Diplotaxis contains a number of species that feed mostly on conifers, 
especially pines. The beetles are usually brown or reddish brown and, except for 
having five visible ventral abdominal sternites, resemble members of the genus 
Phyllophaga. The exoskeleton is also quite hard and rigid. D. sordida (Say) occurs 
commonly on red and jack pines in the Lake States, and the larvae have caused 
serious damage in nurseries and plantations in New York. The adult is slate colored 
with yellowish hairs on the pronotum, and it is about 10 to 12 mm long. D. liberata 
(Germar) also occurs commonly on pines in the Lake States. The adult is blackish, 
hairless, and about 12 mm long. 
The Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera castanea (Arrow), an introduced species 
first recorded in North America in New Jersey in 1921, is now widely distributed in 
the Eastern States south to South Carolina. Adults are usually cinnamon brown and 
about 6 to 12 mm long. They fly at night and feed on more than 100 species of 
plants, including forest and shade trees such as maple, willow, boxelder, buckeye, 
and ailanthus. Young pines, hemlocks, and yews in nurseries are defoliated occa- 
sionally and seriously injured. The roots of rhododendron and azalea are damaged 
occasionally by the larvae. 
The rose chafer, Macrodactylus subspinosus (F.) is widely distributed in the 
Eastern United States. Adults are tan to reddish brown, densely covered with dull, 
yellow scales or hairs, and have long reddish-brown legs. They skeletonize the 
leaves of a wide variety of hosts, including many species of forest and shade trees 
(fig. 116). In heavily infested areas, they appear in swarms in late May or early June 
and feed first on the opening buds. Later, they attack the flowers, fruit, and foliage. 
The larvae feed mostly on the roots of grasses but may also attack the roots of tree 
seedlings. 
The European chafer, Rhizotrogus (= Amphimallon) majalis (Razoumowsky), 
an introduced species first recorded in New York in 1940, now occurs in several 
Eastern States and southern Ontario (228). The adult is oval-shaped, light brown or 
tan, and about 14 mm long. A distinguishing characteristic is its toothless, uncleft, 
hind tarsal claw. During the peak of the flight season they are often seen swarming 
around various trees and tall shrubs. The larvae feed on the roots of a wide variety 
of plants, including the seedlings of such tree species as spruce and Douglas-fir 
(1189). 
The pine chafer, Anomala oblivia Horn, occurs from New York to the Lake 
States and south to Georgia. Male beetles have the head and pronotum greenish 
bronze and the elytra dark tan. They are about 6.5 mm long. Females are light tan 
and about 9 mm long. They feed mostly on the new needles of various pines, eating 
notches in them just above the sheath and causing the ends to die. Heavily infested 
trees become brownish or scorched in appearance. Needle browning has occurred 
270 
