Courtesy J. D. Solomon, South. 
Hardwood Lab., Stoneville, Miss. 
Figure 129.—Adult of the white oak borer, 
Goes tigrinus. 
Goes pulcher (Haldeman), the hickory borer, occurs in southern Canada and 
throughout the Eastern United States and breeds in the sapwood and heartwood of 
the trunk and branches of hickory and pecan (//28). The adult is from 17 to 25 mm 
long. Its body is dark brown, covered with fine yellowish hair. The elytra are clay 
yellow with dark bands across the base and the middle. In central Mississippi, 
adults emerge during May and June and lay eggs singly in niches between the bark 
and wood on trunks 2 to 14 cm in diameter, and at heights up to 4.8 m. The young 
larvae bore irregularly shaped mines | to 2 cm wide under the bark, then extend 
tunnels obliquely and vertically upward in the wood 8 to 17 cm, and then turn 
horizontally back to near the surface. At maturity larvae reach a length of 18 to 28 
mm. The adult chews a circular emergence hole through the bark at the terminal 
point of the larval gallery. The life cycle requires 3 to 5 years. 
The borer is common in the South, but populations vary greatly from one locality 
to another. Hickories growing in the Piedmont area of North Carolina are particu- 
larly prone to attack by this species. Open-grown trees and those near openings 
within young stands are most heavily attacked. 
The oak sapling borer, G. fesselatus (Haldeman), occurs from Pennsylvania 
southward and in the Midwest where it usually breeds in the base and roots of small 
oak saplings, preferably white and chestnut oaks (/58). Young chestnuts and 
serviceberry are also attacked occasionally. The adult is dull brown, 20 to 27 mm 
long, and its body is covered with small patches of prostrate, fine gray or yellowish 
hairs occasionally arranged in rows. The larvae require 3 to 5 years to complete 
their development. During this period they may completely hollow out the base of 
the tree and cause its death. Less seriously damaged trees often produce bulblike 
swellings around the wounds at the ground line. These trees are subject to wind- 
breakage. 
Goes pulverulentus (Haldeman), the beech borer, breeds in the small trunks and 
branches of various hardwoods such as beech, oak, elm, and sycamore throughout 
the Eastern United States and southern Canada (//27). The adult is brown, 18 to 28 
mm long, and its body is clothed with short, brownish-gray hairs. The thorax has a 
sharp spine on each side and the elytra are faintly barred at the middle and base with 
fine, pale-brown hairs. In central Mississippi, adults emerge during May and June. 
Eggs are laid singly in niches between the bark and wood. The niches usually are 
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