clustered, averaging 17 per cluster. The larval boring habit is similar to G. tigrinus. 
At maturity, larvae reach a length of 20 to 30 mm. The life cycle requires 3 to 5 
years. 
There is a tendency for the borer to favor the less vigorous, slower growing trees. 
Since attack occurs only on trunks less than 12 cm in diameter and branches of 
larger trees, the borer cannot be termed a major pest. Infested trees are easily 
recognized by egg-niche clusters, sap-stained bark, dark-colored frass, and later by 
ragged, longitudinal, overgrown scars. 
Goes debilis LeConte, the oak branch borer, breeds in small, living branches 
and terminals of oak in the Eastern United States, often causing gall-like swellings. 
Adults are brownish and from 11 to 19 mm long. The head, thorax, and apical half 
of the elytra are clothed with fine reddish-yellow hairs. The elytra are crossed by 
two irregular brown bands, and each basal half is mottled with grayish hairs. The 
life cycle requires 3 to 4 years. Infested stems become swollen and gall-like and 
often break or die back (//29). 
Many species of the genus Neoclytus occur in eastern forests and attack both 
coniferous and deciduous trees. The larvae feed first beneath the bark, then bore 
into the sapwood and heartwood, often completely riddling it with long mines 
tightly packed with frass. The adults are slender-bodied beetles of medium size with 
quite long legs and short and more or less clubbed antennae. The pronotum bears 
transverse ridges and the body is marked with transverse yellow lines. 
The redheaded ash borer, N. acuminatus (F.), one of our most common wood 
borers, occurs generally throughout the Eastern United States and in southeastern 
Canada. Its hosts include nearly all dying and dead hardwoods, but chiefly ash, 
oak, hickory, persimmon, and hackberry. Unseasoned logs of ash, oak, and hickory 
with the bark intact are especially subject to heavy attack. The adult is from 6 to 18 
mm long. The head and thorax are reddish; the body is light brown with the apical 
part of the elytra sometimes much darker. The elytra are also marked with four 
transverse bands of fine yellow hairs and the middle and hind legs are long and 
reddish. 
Adults become active by mid-February in the Deep South and progressively later 
until May or June in the North. Eggs are deposited beneath the bark of dead, 
unseasoned wood. The larvae feed first beneath the bark, then they tunnel into the 
sapwood and often reduce it to powder. In the South there are several generations 
per year; in the North, only one (/252). 
Neoclytus caprea (Say), the banded ash borer, occurs in eastern Canada and 
throughout much of the United States. Its hosts are recorded as ash, hickory, elm, 
mesquite, and, rarely, white oak. In the Eastern United States, it commonly breeds 
in ash logs. Adults are dark brown to almost black and from 8 to 17 mm long. There 
is a line of fine, white or yellowish hairs on the thorax and four bands of the same 
material and color across the elytra. The first two bands meet, almost forming 
circles. 
Adults emerge in early spring and fly to host material where they deposit their 
eggs in crevices in the bark. Ash logs cut during the winter are especially subject to 
attack. The larvae feed for awhile under the bark and then bore into the sapwood 
where they feed for the remainder of the summer. Pupation occurs in the fall, but the 
adult does not emerge from the wood until the following spring. There is usually 
one generation per year; however, if the infested material is sawed, stored, and dried 
out, the life cycle may require several years. Ash logs left in the woods or stored 
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