with the bark on literally may be honeycombed with tunnels tightly packed with 
frass (fig. 130). 
Other species of Neoclytus likely to be encountered in eastern forests and some of 
their known hosts are as follows: N. mucronatus mucronatus (F.) (fig. 131)—the 
dead branches and trunks of hickory; N. jouteli jouteli Davis—dead oak twigs; N. 
fulguratus Casey—dead branches of oak; N. scutellaris (Olivier)—elm, oak, 
hickory; and N. muricatulus muricatulus (Kirby)—larch, spruce, pine (northern 
coniferous forests of North America, in the East and down the Rocky Mountains to 
New Mexico and down the Cascades to Oregon). 
The genus Saperda is represented in eastern forests by several important species 
(401). Depending on the species, the larvae bore in (1) large branches or trunks of 
living trees; (2) small branches and produce galls; or (3) living or dead wood of 
dying or recently killed trees. Adults are medium size and cylindrical in form. The 
head is quadrate in front and very flat; the antennae are about as long as the body; 
the first joint of the hind tarsus is elongated; and the body is rather densely clothed 
with a hairy covering. 
The poplar borer, S. calcarata Say, occurs throughout the United States and 
Canada, wherever poplars grow (878). Willows are also subject to attack. In the 
southern latitudes, cottonwoods are the primary host; in the northern area, aspens 
: Sy 
PN eS 
Courtesy Duke Univ. Sch. For. 
Figure 130.—Galleries of Neoclytus caprea, the banded 
ash borer. Note that tunnels are tightly packed with 
granular frass. 
295 
