Appalachians in the Eastern States where it breeds in various dead pines. The adult 
is a heavy, shiny dark-brown beetle from 20 to 40 mm long. The underside of the 
body is very hairy, and the elytra are ridged. Larvae are tough-skinned and have 
four teeth on the front of the head. Occasionally untreated crossties and poles, and 
timbers in contact with the ground, are seriously damaged. 
Atimia confusa confusa (Say), the small cedar-bark borer, breeds in dying 
thujas, junipers, and related trees throughout the Eastern and Central States. The 
adult is small, stoutish, and 6 to 9 mm long. The head, pronotum, elytra, and 
venter are black. The dorsum is clothed with recumbent, fine gray hairs, and the 
elytra are notched at the apices. Adults appear in early spring and again in early fall 
and deposit their eggs beneath bark scales. The larvae feed entirely between the 
bark and wood, packing fibrous frass behind them. Pupation occurs in cells in the 
sapwood. The winter is spent as larvae or as adults. Rustic work constructed from 
improperly seasoned thuja and juniper is subject to attack and serious damage. The 
bark over damaged areas dries and peels off. 
Aneflus protensus (LeConte) attacks living mesquite in Texas and other South- 
western States. The adult is light or dark brown, has spines on the basal joints of the 
antennae and the tips of the elytra, and is from 25 to 32 mm long. Eggs are 
deposited in bark crevices at the forks of small branches. The larvae bore into the 
branch and hollow it out. Frass is extruded through small holes in the bark. Black, 
watery liquid drips from these holes and stains the foliage and ground beneath. The 
interior of the larval mine is always stained black. Two years are required to 
complete the life cycle. Infested branches and small trees are sometimes killed. 
Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby breeds beneath the bark of dead and recently 
felled coniferous trees, and occurs in eastern Canada and the Northeastern States 
(1009). The adult is oblong, somewhat flattened, brown to blackish, and about 12 
mm long. The eyes are completely divided into upper and lower lobes. The larvae 
feed gregariously beneath the bark, packing frass behind them in the mines. The 
shallow-bored pupal cells in the sapwood are largely removed by slabbing. There 1s 
one generation per year in the United States. This was the most common ceram- 
bycid attacking windthrown spruce in the Adirondacks following a severe wind- 
storm in November 1950. 
Neoptychodes trilineatus (L.), the fig tree borer, breeds in the branches and 
trunks of living and dying fig trees in the Southern States. Alder is also attacked 
occasionally. The adult is gray except for small reddish-yellow spots on the body 
and white stripes on the elytra, and is 18 to 25 mm long. Eggs are deposited in 
small holes chewed through the bark. The larvae feed at first beneath the bark and 
then bore into the heartwood, where they construct long tunnels. The life cycle 
usually requires several years. Infested branches and small trees are often killed. 
Tylonotus bimaculatus Haldeman, the ash and privet borer, breeds in a wide 
variety of deciduous trees and shrubs, preferably ash and privet, in the Eastern and 
Central States. Adults are dark brown and from 10 to 18 mm long. There are light 
spots on the wing covers and a median line and two small, shiny spots on the 
thorax. 
Eggs are deposited at the base of privet plants and beneath bark scales on living 
and dying ash trees during early summer. Young larvae feed in the phloem; later 
they penetrate deeper and scar the wood. Large branches of ash are usually attacked 
and killed before the trunk is attacked. Old, mature, and drought-ridden trees, 
especially those growing in parks and windbreaks, are killed gradually, branch by 
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