than 50 mm long. Members of this genus often cause heavy losses in windthrown or 
fire-killed timber, in saw logs left too long in the woods before milling, and in 
improperly handled pulpwood. The adults are vectors of the pine wood nematode 
(1340). A key to the adults of the genus 1s available (60/). 
The southern pine sawyer, M. sitillator (F.), occurs throughout the Eastern and 
Southern States and breeds in recently cut, windthrown, fire-killed, insect-killed, 
and dying pines. The adult is mottled gray and brown, and is from 18 to 30 mm 
long (fig. 143). Male antennae are often 2 to 3 times as long as the body, there is a 
strong spine on each side of the thorax, and the elytral sutures are prolonged into 
sharp spines. Full-grown larvae are up to 60 mm long. 
Figure 143.—Adult of the southern pine sawyer, 
Monochamus titillator, on shortleaf pine. 
In the Piedmont area of the South, adult emergence reaches a peak in April and 
May. However, adult activity continues until late fall and probably to some extent 
throughout the winter. Larval habits are as described for the genus. There are at 
least two generations per year in the South, with overlapping broods (/26/). 
Prompt salvage and utilization of windthrown and dead and dying trees, debarking 
recently dead trees, and water storage of logs will prevent attacks by this species. 
The whitespotted sawyer, M. scutellatus (Say), occurs from Newfoundland to 
North Carolina, Minnesota, and Alaska. Eastern white pine appears to be its 
favorite host, but it also attacks many other conifers such as red and jack pines; 
balsam fir; white, black, and red spruces; and larch. The adult (fig. 144) is about 18 
to 25 mm long. The male 1s completely shiny black except for a small, rounded 
white spot at the base of the elytra; females are of the same color or have the elytra 
mottled with white spots. Two years are required to complete the life cycle in the 
Lake States and Canada. Farther south there is one generation per year. Adults 
emerge through circular holes cut in the bark and feed for short periods on needles 
and tender bark of various conifers. Eggs are then deposited in slits or niches 
chewed in the bark, preferably near old branch scars or in wrinkled areas on logs, 
pulpwood, and recently killed trees (/034, 1319). 
The whitespotted sawyer causes heavy losses to saw logs and pulpwood in the 
Northern States and southern Canada. Damage to saw logs can be prevented by 
313 
