functional labrum, labium, and palpi. The gular suture is double, and the antennae 
are straight. On the apex of the tibia there are two spines (/227). Adults are usually 
dull red, less than 5 mm long, and have flat snouts that are about as long as the 
thorax. They feed on the staminate flowers of various conifers. The eggs are laid in 
staminate flowers and under bud scales on dead shoots where the larvae develop. C. 
pilosus (LeConte) is found in Virginia pine and C. elongatus (LeConte) in jack pine 
(547, 1200). 
Family Rhynchitidae 
Rhynchitids 
Members of this family can be distinguished by the absence of the labrum; the 
palpi are short and rigid; the antennae are straight, |1-segmented including a 
distinct 3-segmented club. The prothorax is not margined, and the elytra generally 
cover the abdomen. The mandibles are flattened and toothed on both the inner and 
outer margins. There is a single small spur on the apex of the tibiae. 
There are two genera with species commonly found in the forest: 
Pselaphorhynchites with larvae that develop in dead twigs, and Eugnamptus with 
larvae that mine dead leaves. The adults of P. aeratus (Say) are black with a brassy 
or coppery cast. They are 2.1 mm to 2.8 mm long. It has been reported from most 
States and southern Canada in the east. Oak and willow are the major hosts 
reported. P. cyanellus (LeConte) is a larger species (2.3 mm to 3.5 mm) with a 
more northern distribution: southern Canada west to Alberta and Saskatchewan and 
south to Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Illinois. This species is also black, but has a 
distinct bluish cast. The antennae and tips of the legs may be paler. Adults have 
been collected on willow, birch, and oak (519). Species of Eugnamptus differ from 
Pselaphorhynchites by having the pygmidium covered by the elytra. They are more 
slender, longer weevils. Adults of EF. collaris (F.) are 3.5 mm to 4.7 mm long. The 
weevils are predominantly bluish black and red, but an entire array of color varieties 
have been described and named. Hickory and butternut have been reported as hosts. 
E.. striatus LeConte eats hickory and walnut. An adult may be from 4.5 mm to 5.0 
mm long, have a red head and thorax, and black elytra. Other species attack oak, 
sumac, and dogwood (670, 983). 
Family Attelabidae 
Leaf-Rolling Weevils 
Four or five species of this small family can be found on eastern trees and shrubs. 
This family is closely related to the Rhynchitidae but can be distinguished from it 
by the absence of teeth on the outer margins of the mandibles, and also by the two 
large spurs on the inner margin of the front tibiae. 
The species most likely to be encountered are Homoeolabus analis (Iliger) and 
Attelabus bipustulatus F. on oak, hickory, and walnut; A. nigripes LeConte on 
sumac; and Himatolabus pubescens (Say) on alder and hazelnut. 
The interesting thing about this group of weevils is the preparation the females 
make for the larvae. When an egg is to be laid, the female chews a slit in a leaf 
blade on both sides near the petiole. She then lays an egg near the tip of the leaf. 
The slits at the base permit her to fold the leaf along the midrib and then to roll it 
toward the petiole, enclosing the egg in a neat leaf cylinder. The petiole is then 
partially chewed through so that the leaf wilts and eventually falls to the ground. 
The larva develops in the leaf roll, and pupates either there or in the ground. There 
may be more than one generation a year (454, 520, 670). 
Family Curculionidae 
Weevils 
This family is reported to contain more species than any other in the animal 
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