The pine root tip weevil, H. rhizophagus Millers, Benjamin, & Warner, is a 
species attacking jack pine in the Lake States (86/7). Red, Scotch, and eastern white 
pines can be affected. The adult is shiny black and between 8.0 and 11.7 mm long. 
Dense patches of coarse scales occur on the dorsum, and the elytra bear longitudi- 
nal rows of pits containing fine setae. The adults are nocturnal. Eggs are laid mostly 
in June near root tips down to 75 mm. The larvae feed in roots less than 12.5 mm in 
diameter, tunneling from the smaller end toward the base. They complete develop- 
ment in June and July of the second year. Pupation occurs in cells in the roots and 
lasts about 20 days. Adults live 2 years. Pole-size pines in closed plantations on 
formerly cultivated land are most frequently infested; reproduction in well-estab- 
lished infestations, and red pine mixed with jack pine are attacked occasionally 
(658). 
Hylobius warreni Wood, Warren’s collar weevil, attacks most species of con- 
ifers growing on moist to wet sites in southern Canada and south to North Carolina 
in the Eastern United States. The adult is a large, robust, reddish-brown to black 
weevil, from 12 to 15 mm long. The wing covers are thick, tough, and veinless, 
and each bears 10 rows of longitudinal punctures. The hindwings are vestigial. 
Eggs are deposited around the root collars of healthy trees, and the larvae feed in 
the inner bark and cambium of roots and root collars for | to 2 years. Infested trees 
bleed heavily at the ground line and severely injured ones may be completely 
girdled and killed. Up to 40 percent of the trees in a 40-year-old Scotch pine stand 
in Quebec is reported to have been killed by the species. The species has been 
described in detail (/250). 
Hylobius pinicola (Couper), Couper’s collar weevil, occurs throughout the 
range of H. warreni and apparently breeds in the same species of trees. The adults 
of the two species are similar in appearance, but the hindwings of H. pinicola are 
fully developed. 
Hylobius congener Dalla Torre, Schenkling, & Marshall occurs from the north- 
eastern coast to Alaska, and in the East breeds in the inner bark of logs and stumps 
of red, Scotch, and eastern white pines. It will also attack larch and spruce. Adults 
range from 5.8 to 9.0 mm in length. The body is brown to black, the thorax without 
scales, but the foretibia of the male has a fringe of white hair. 
Adults emerge from hibernation in May and eggs are laid in logs and stumps. 
Logs seem to be preferred. Larvae become prepupae in chip cocoons in August and 
September and overwinter in the prepupal stage. The adult stage occurs in July and 
August. They then feed on slash and logs until hibernation (822). Recently this 
species has been found to attack seedlings in plantations causing up to 40 percent 
mortality. Removal of litter from around seedlings has reduced damage (606). 
The southern pine root weevil, H. aliradicis Warner, was discovered attacking 
the roots of healthy young pines with root-collar diameters of 0.5 to 5 cm in 
southern Georgia (36/, 1247). The larvae hollow out the smaller roots and bore 
extensively in the root collar. Heavily infested trees are killed. The most serious 
infestations are in plantations up to 4 years old on disturbed sites. 
The pitcheating weevil, Pachylobius picivorus (Germar), occurs throughout the 
Eastern United States, but is most common in the South. It attacks various species 
of pine, including shortleaf, loblolly, and slash pines. The adults feed on the inner 
bark of small twigs of residual pines and on stems of small pine seedlings (fig. 150). 
Larvae bore in roots of recently cut or killed pine trees. Damage is often serious in 
recently cut pine areas, especially where a new crop of seedlings is established 
during the first year after cutting the old stand. Adults are dark brown, robust, and 
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