Eriocampa juglandis (Fitch), the butternut woollyworm, occurs from New 
Brunswick to North Carolina west to Ontario, Minnesota, and Nebraska. Its hosts 
are butternut, black walnut, and hickory. Full-grown larvae are green, with indis- 
tinct black spots on the sides, and are about 18 mm long. The body is covered with 
flocculent white tufts that rub off when touched, and the head is white with black 
eyes. Larvae feed gregariously, often causing considerable defoliation locally. 
When they become full grown they move to and enter the ground, where they form 
cocoons made of soil cemented together. Winter 1s spent in the cocoons and there is 
one generation per year. 
The genus Hoplocampa is represented in eastern America by a number of 
species, all of which presumably feed as larvae in the fruit of their hosts. Eggs are 
laid in the calyx of flowers and the larvae bore into and hollow out the developing 
fruit. Some of the species and their known hosts are: H. oskina Ross—hawthorn 
from Maine, New York west to Michigan, lowa and Kansas; H. halcyon (Norton) — 
serviceberry from Maine to North Carolina west to Alberta and Illinois; H. pallipes 
MacGillivray—serviceberry from New Hampshire, New York to Michigan, Al- 
berta, British Columbia, Oregon, and California; H. lacteipennis Rohwer— 
~chokecherry in southeastern Canada and from Maine to New York, west to Man- 
itoba, Alberta, Montana, and Colorado; and H. montanicola Rohwer—choke- 
cherry in the Northern United States and southern Canada. 
The genus Anoplonyx contains four species that occur in the Northern United 
States and Canada. The larvae of all species feed on various species of larch. Full- 
grown larvae of the two eastern species, A. canadensis Harrington, the onelined 
larch sawfly, and A. luteipes (Cresson), the threelined larch sawfly, are green and 
range in length from about 9 to 15 mm. The thorax is larger than the abdomen, 
producing a humpbacked appearance and causing the body to taper posteriorly 
(144). 
The genus Euura is represented in the Eastern United States and Canada by 10 
species, and all are gall-makers on various species of willow. Larvae are usually 
yellowish or greenish white with black eyes, and the head 1s often tinted brown. All 
species apparently have one generation per year. Winter is spent as prepupae either 
in cocoons in the ground or in galls on the host. Adults appear in the spring and lay 
their eggs in the shoots. Larvae feed on the tissues and become enveloped in galls 
on stems, twigs, petioles, or buds. 
Pontania spp. form leaf galls on willow, while Phyllocolpa spp. live in rolled 
leaves or rolled leaf edges. 
The genus Macremphytus is represented in eastern forests by three species, all of 
which feed as larvae on dogwood. Full-grown larvae of some species are creamy 
yellow on top with grayish-black crossbands or spots, and the legs and venter are 
yellowish. The head is shiny black, and the body is covered with a white powdery 
secretion. 
Superfamily Siricoidea—Family Siricidae 
Horntails 
Members of the family Siricidae are commonly known as horntails because of the 
presence of a hornlike projection on the last abdominal segment of the adult. This 
process is short in the male; in the female it is much longer and often spear-shaped. 
The ovipositor of the female is long and fitted for boring. In this respect it differs 
from the ovipositor of sawflies that consists of sawlike plates. Horntails attack both 
hardwoods and coniferous trees. A few species have been recorded infesting 
vigorous trees, but they usually prefer trees or parts of trees that are dead or in a 
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