States and, as far as known, all are external parasites of scarabaeid larvae in the 
soil. The adults are large, hairy, and usually black except for spots or bands of 
yellow or red, and the wings are often dark brown with purple or green iridescence. 
Campsomeriellia annulata (F.), a native of China and Japan, was introduced against 
the Japanese beetle in the 1920’s but did not become established. 
Family Sapygidae 
Sapygids 
As far as known, all members of this family are parasitic on the larvae of 
leafcutting bees and possibly of the large carpenter bees. Less than a dozen species 
are recorded from the Eastern United States. Adults are moderate in size, short- 
legged, and usually spotted or banded with yellow. 
Family Formicidae 
Ants 
Ants are among the most abundant and widespread of all insects and are found in 
practically all terrestrial habitats. The majority of species nest in soil. Others nest in 
wood, timbers, in or under the bark of decaying trees, or in hollow stems of plants. 
Some of the more primitive species feed on insects or other small animals which 
they are able to kill. Many others feed on sweet fluids such as sap exuding from 
wounds, on nectar, or on honeydew produced by other insects. Certain leafcutting 
species cultivate fungi on which they feed. 
Ants differ from their near relatives in having the abdomen divided into two 
distinct regions, the pedicel and the gaster. Also, the antennae are elbowed, with the 
first segment greatly elongated in females and workers. They also differ from 
termites, with which they are often confused, by having a strong constriction or 
“waist”? between the thorax and abdomen, and by having two pairs of wings of 
unequal size. 
Ants are social insects and live in nests or colonies, each containing from a few 
to several thousand individuals. A colony consists of three castes—reproductive 
females, males, and workers. Females generally are winged, the wings being 
discarded after they mate. Males are usually smaller than females and generally 
retain their wings until death. Workers are wingless and usually smaller than 
reproductive females or males. 
With the exception of the carpenter ants and certain leafcutting species, ants are 
of minor importance as enemies of trees or wood products. Many species, however, 
are nuisance pests in forested areas, especially in picnicking or other recreational 
areas. Several publications on the biology and control of carpenter ants are available 
(458, 1052, 1083, 1110). 
The black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer), nests in live 
and dead standing trees, rotting logs and stumps, telephone and telegraph poles, 
and wood of houses and other buildings. It is widely distributed in the Eastern 
United States and Canada, occurring from North Dakota to Quebec and Ontario and 
south to Texas and Florida. These large ants (fig. 206) include workers ranging in 
length from 6 to 13 mm. The body is typically black, but in some individuals the 
pleuron, petiole, and legs are reddish. The gaster is covered with dense, long, 
appressed, pale yellowish and ashy pubescence. Body hairs are suberect or erect, 
yellowish, and moderately abundant. 
The black carpenter ant does not eat wood. It simply removes it in order to 
produce galleries which serve as its nest. Its natural food consists largely of dead 
and live insects, honeydew, sap, juices of well-ripened fruits, and refuse. It also 
feeds on various household foods such as different kinds of sweets, raw and cooked 
meats, and fruits. 
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