or third instars or as pupae in the mine (705). Pupation occurs from early March to 
early April and the adults emerge from mid-May to late June. There is one 
generation per year. 
Courtesy Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. 
Figure 216.—Injury by the native holly leafminer, 
Phytomyza ilicicola: left, undamaged leaves; right, 
mined leaves. 
Several other members of the family also mine the leaves or produce galls on 
their hosts. Japanagromyza viridula (Coquillett) produces blotch mines in the 
leaves of red oak; Hexomyza schineri (Giraud) causes the formation of slight 
swellings on the smaller twigs of poplar; H. tiliae (Couden) produces swellings 
about | cm long on the twigs of basswood; Nemorimyza posticata (Meigen) 
produces blotch mines in the leaves of sweetgum; and Trilobomyza_ pleuralis 
(Malloch) produces blotch mines on catalpa. 
Family Anthomyiidae 
Anthomyiids 
Members of this family are quite similar in appearance to those of the family 
Muscidae. The maggots vary in habits; some feed on the roots of plants, some are 
scavengers, and others are parasites of other insects. The seedcorn maggot, 
Hylemya platura (Meigen), damaged redcedar seedlings in a forest nursery in 
Tennessee (/29/). In this case, the larvae chewed through the bark of the main stem 
just below the ground line and fed on the roots. Large numbers of seedlings were 
killed. 
Family Muscidae 
House Flies, Stable Flies, and Allies 
Flies of this family vary in length from 2 to 12 mm. Some are yellowish or black, 
but the majority are gray or brown. There are several economically important 
species, such as the well-known house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, 
Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Tsetse flies, which transmit the organisms responsible for 
450 
