ABSTRACT 



Pemberton, Robert W., and Edna M. Hoover. Insects associated with wild 

 plants in Europe and the Middle East. Biological control of weeds surveys. 

 U.S. Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication No. 1382, 33 p. 



This publication lists 351 species of European 

 insects that were collected or reared from 71 

 weeds of European origin. The insects species- 

 specimens of which are in the USDA's Biological 

 Control of Weeds Laboratory-Europe insect col- 

 lection in Rome, Italy— are listed taxonomically 

 and by host plant. The host plant listing includes 

 data on rearing, feeding, and other insect-plant 

 associations. 



KEYWORDS: Biological control of weeds, insect 

 feeding, insect rearing, host plants, 

 weeds, Artium, Boreava, Carlina, 

 Carthamus, Centaurea, Cirsium, Cynara, 

 Cytisus, Echinops, Euphorbia, Galactites, 

 Genista, Hypericum, Linaria, Onopordum, 

 Quercus, Salsola, Salvia, Scrophularia, 

 Senecio, Silybum, Tamarix, Tribulus. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



We would like to express our thanks to Lloyd 

 A. Andres, Paul H. Dunn, Kenneth E. Frick, B. 

 David Perkins (all associated at one time with the 

 Rome laboratory), and Antonio Rizza (currently 

 in the Rome laboratory), who allowed us to com- 

 pile and publish data that they collected. We also 

 wish to thank Gary Buckingham (former research 



leader at the laboratory and currently at the 

 USDA's Biological Pest Control Research Unit, 

 Gainesville, Fla.) whose concern for the collection 

 and the information it contained brought the 

 senior author to Rome to conduct the study that 

 has resulted in this publication. 



CONTENTS 



Page Page 



List of contributors iv Table 2.— Selected weedy plants and 



Introduction 1 associated insects, extent of their associ- 



Table 1.— Taxonomic list of insects and ation, and country of origin 15 



associated weedy plants 2 Index of insect and plant names 28 



Issued October 1980 



in 



