NOTES. 159 



examine the condition of a hive, the bee-keeper has only to lift off 

 the lid, remove a light quilt that is spread on top of the frames, and 

 lift one frame, or all the frames, from the hive. In this way he may 

 always know, in a few minutes, the exact condition of any hive. He 

 has perfect control of the hives in all respects. He can remove or 

 introduce queens ; can take out frames of brood or honey, or put in 

 frames of brood or honey from other hives : can lift out the frames, 

 set them in an extractor, throw the honey out, and return the frames 

 to be filled again. Every year brings a wider and fuller recognition 

 from intelligent bee-keepers, of the great value of Mr. Lang troth's 

 invention. As the science of bee-culture developes to the magnitude 

 it will undoubtedly attain, Mr. Langstroth will be honored among 

 the great inventors of this age. 



The standard Langstroth frame is 9^ inches deep by 17J inches 

 long, the top bar projecting f of an inch at each end, in order to rest 

 in the rabbets. There are several other frames and hives, all con- 

 structed on the same principle, so far as movable frames are con- 

 cerned, and differing only in the dimensions of the frame. The 

 Quinby frame is n£ by \%\ inches ; the Adair, n^ by 134 inches ; 

 the American, 12 by 12 inches ; and the Gallup, xx\ by n£ inches. 

 These include all the frames that have been used to any large extent, 

 but many bee-keepers have made frames and hives of different di- 

 mensions to suit their own fancy. 



These various frames have eager partizans. From the reports of 

 success by different bee-keepers, it appears that any one of the frames 

 in the hands of an intelligent manager, will give success. Probably 

 a much larger number of the standard Langstroth are used than of 

 any other. No bee-keeper has reported so large an average profit in 

 a single season, from an equal number of swarms, as Mr. Doo- 

 little, of Borodino, N. Y., who uses the Gallup frame. 



5. The Gallup Frame. — (Page 35.) I have never seen any reason 

 to regret adopting the Gallup frame. In my experience with it no 

 frame could have done better. Though it is not used by a large 

 number of bee-keepers, yet those who do use it are generally intelli- 

 gent and successful. In an article in the American Bee Journal, 

 Vol. XIII, p. 227, written by C Clute, of Keokuk, Iowa, I find 

 that Prof. Cook is quoted as saying, "I prefer the Gallup frame for 

 these reasons : (1) It can be used for nuclei, and save making small 

 ones on purpose for this. (2) It can be made more compact (in the 

 hive) and so save heat in fall and spring. (3) It is easy to handle. 

 (4) It does not trouble by comb falling out. I have tried all sizes, 

 and find this best." 



