50 BEES AND BEE-KEEPING. 



ingly diverse circumstances of the life of the two, 

 the helpless dependence and quietude of the former 

 standing in marked contrast to the self-sacrificing 

 devotion and restless energy of that of the latter. 

 The changes, which fit the same nerve system for 

 such opposite conditions of being, are effected by 

 slowly-made modifications, commencing with the 

 creature's independent existence, but which are more 

 active and radical during the chrysalis, or pupal stage. 

 The business of the larva is to eat. It is produced 

 from an egg, which must be tiny, because the mother 

 laying it furnishes others in such prodigious number. 

 The minute body it possesses, when its first pap is 

 given to it, must increase in weight, as I have found 

 by careful experiment, about 1400 times during the 

 four days it feeds; and so its nerve system is now 

 principally distributed to its digestive apparatus and 

 to its spiracles. It claims, as yet, neither legs, wings, 

 nor eyes; nevertheless, during the period that the 

 one want of its lower existence is beino- met 

 preparation is also being made for the higher endow- 

 ments, new responsibilities, and enlarged enjoyments 

 of the future, for its nerve masses are already 

 coalescing, in order to become more perfect in their 

 functions ; they are concentrating their influence and 

 making the insect less vegetative. The larva has 

 seventeen embryonic ganglia (as seen in Ficr. I3 ) 

 one supra-cesophageal, three sub-cesophageal— that is' 

 under the oesophagus, and also under the first-men' 

 tioned ganglion, or brain-three thoracic, and ten 

 abdominal ; but, as it grows, and in an early stacre 

 the three sub-cesophageal and three last abdominal 



