— 140 — 



amounts to one degree, and for 5° o of a faintly acid light resin spirit 

 (acid no. about 3), it amounts to two degrees. It is impossible to say in 

 how far this agrees with Louise's observations, because the text of the 

 latter's paper refers to resin oil, and the plotted curve to resin spirit. By 

 adding 5°/o rosin ("colophane"), acid no. 163, to turpentine oil, the] alti- 

 tude of the ordinates was lowered by about 12°, which is equivalent (of 

 course in the opposite sense) to an addition, in round figures, of 40°/o 

 white spirit. It follows that by means of a suitable addition of rosin an 

 adulteration with white spirit may be attempted; the sample must there- 

 fore always be prepared with an oil, preferably fractionated, which has 

 been subjected to a test for neutrality. 



Recently, according to Vaubel 1 ), copal oil has been added to the long 

 list of adulterants of turpentine oil. Two samples of turpentine oil used 

 for polishing caused violent inflammation of the face and hands of the 

 person who had handled them, whereas pure oil had no such effect. An 

 examination revealed the presence in the oil of about 30° o of copal oil, as 

 was inferred from the smell, the acid properties and the bromine number 

 of the distillation-residue. The sample distilled (742 mm.) gave the following 

 values: — 



jp to 155° . 



. . . 14°/o 



„ „ 158° . 



. . . 30°/o 



„ „ 162° . 



. . . 56°/o 



„ „ 166° . 



. . . 68°/o 



„ „ 190° . 



. . . 80°/o. 



U. S. Consul Skinner 2 ), of Hamburg, reports on the manufacture in 

 Germany, from heavy Borneo-petroleum, of substitutes for turpentine oil. 

 According to him the first experiments in utilising the heavy portions of 

 Borneo-petroleum instead of American petroleum, which is too light, 

 were undertaken five years ago by an English company for the purpose 

 of ridding itself of its stocks. As time went on German firms embarked 

 on the business, and a brisk rivalry arose between the two interests. The 

 increasing importance of this branch of industry is explained by the 

 difference in the prices (85 and 32 c/fi per 100 kilos) between oil of tur- 

 pentine and the substitute in question, which latter, according to an opinion 

 of Eibner, of the Munich Technical High School, is very well suited for 

 use in the varnish industry. The Consul thinks that some varieties of 

 American petroleum, for instance Texan and Californian oils, may possibly 

 be suitable for the same purpose. 



C. T. Kingzett has read before the London Section of the Society of 

 Chemical Industry a paper, written by himself in conjunction with R.C.Wood- 



*) Zeitschr. f. angew. Chem. 23 (1910), 1165. 



2 ) Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter 77 (1910), No. 16, p. 28 G. 



