— 113 — 



oils and, in fact, from all bodies other than those generated in the 

 course of the aqueous distillation of turpentine. It may contain small 

 proportions of resin-oil and colophony, resulting from the process of 

 manufacture, but the aggregate weight of these may not exceed 2,5 *j$\ 

 The oil from Finns maritima (France, Spain, Portugal) is lasvo- 

 rotatory, « D — 29 to —33°; d 25 o not below 0,8575. The oil from 

 Finns halepensis (Greece, Algeria, Provence) is dextrorotatory, « D -f- 38, 

 to +41°; d 2 5o not below 0,8550. The American oils, which are ob- 

 tained from different species of Finns (P. palnstris; F. heterophylla and 

 others) are partly dextro- and partly lasvorotatory; the rotation is very 

 variable, but never higher than in the European oils. d 2 5o not 

 below 0,8560. 



In an appendix, Vezes 2 ) deals with the appraisement of oils of which 

 the density is less or the acid- or resin-content (owing to age or improper 

 manufacture) higher, than the figures given above. Such oils are to be 

 refused classification as commercial products only in cases when their 

 abnormalities cannot be explained by the process of manufacture. For 

 instance, when the acid content (now identical with the acid value) is 

 higher than 5, or when the total content of normal impurities exceeds 5°/o, 

 or when the sp. gr. at 25° exceeds 0,865 in the cases of oil from Finns 

 maritima or P. halepensis, or 0,869 in American oils. 



We are unable to refer here to Vezes detailled arguments for the 

 alteration of certain requirements, as, for instance, the acid value and the 

 absence of a maximum limit for the sp. gr. For these particulars we refer 

 to the original pamphlet. 



Several American Consular Reports 3 ) deal with the consumption of 

 turpentine oil and its substitutes in various countries. According to these 

 authorities, the imports into the United Kingdom in the year 1909 amounted 

 to 589880 cwts. value $ 3405610, of which the United States supplied 

 479484 cwts. ($ 2979875), Russia 77382 cwts. ($ 224585), France 31084 

 cwts. ($ 150117), Germany 2290 cwts. ($ 6399) and other countries 

 2640 cwts. ($ 26634).. There is a fairly large number of substitutes on 

 the market in Britain, at prices varying from 24 cents to a few cents 

 below the quotation of turpentine oil. These substitutes are mostly sold 

 direct to painters and paint-manufacturers who give no guarantee as to 

 the percentage of turpentine mixed with substitutes which their paints 

 contain. The sales of the substitutes are specially brisk whenever the 

 price of turpentine exceeds 50 cents. Reports from Liverpool state that 



x ) On this point no agreement has yet been arrived at between producers and consumers. 

 The former first demanded a limit of 3% and then of 2,5%, whereas the latter are unwilling 

 to concede more than 2%. Vdzes has therefore left this figure open, while taking 2,5% as 

 his preliminary basis. 



2 ) Comp. the previous work of V£zes, referred to in oUr Report of October 1909, p. 120. 



») Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter 79 (1911), No. 3, p. 28 D. , 



