— 119 — 



solution, pine tar oil and resin essence show a slight turbidity, from which 

 a flocculent precipitate containing mercury is slowly deposited. Oil 

 mixtures consisting of equal parts of French turpentine oil with rectified 

 Russian pine tar oil or with resin-essence (prepared from Austrian pinolin 

 by fractionating over sodium) clearly showed the sophistication which had 

 been practised, while 25°/o pine tar oil or resin essence could plainly be 

 detected with double the quantity of experimental material and reagents. 



R. Polack 1 ) has thoroughly investigated the solubility of ethyl oxalate 

 in turpentine oil and in hexane, which latter forms the principal constituent 

 of those fractions of petroleum which are used as adulterants of turpentine 

 oil. Unfortunately we are unable to go into the details of Polack's work, 

 and must therefore refer to the original for further particulars. 



Oil of Turpentine -Amarello, see p. 88. 



Oil of Turpentine from Agathis robusta, see p. 18. 



Wintergreen Oil. The production has increased somewhat con- 

 siderably, and the market, in sympathy with this circumstance, wears a 

 weak aspect. Gaultheria oil, which is only used in the United States, is 

 firm at unchanged prices, being procurable at about $ 4.50 p. lb. We only 

 mention this fact in order to complete our review of the market. 



An American periodical 2 ) contains some interesting particulars on 

 the distillation of wintergreen oil, the salient parts of which are repro- 

 duced below. 



In Monroe County, Pa., there are about 60 stills, spread over an area 

 of 200 square miles. Some of these distilling plants are fixed, others are 

 moved from place to place as the locality becomes exhausted (itinerant 

 stills). The harvesting of the leaves begins as early as the middle of April 

 and ends with the turn of the weather in the fall. Up to the middle of 

 September it is impossible, on account of the weather, to leave the 

 distilling-material lying for any length of time; it always requires to be 

 distilled at once. The pickers, who were formerly paid $ 1.— per 100 pounds, 

 nowadays receive from $ 2.— to $ 2.25 for the same quantity. A skilled 

 picker is able to gather about 100 lbs. a day. 



The leaves gathered in September, which have grown during the summer, 

 afford the best material. The old summer and spring leaves which have 

 already come through a winter have a less agreeable scent. The 

 distilleries are always located on sites where running water is available. 

 They consist of a furnace built of large, rough stones upon which is fixed 



x ) Etude des melanges doubles formes par l'oxalate d'ethyle avec l'essence de tereben- 

 thine et avec 1'hexane. Travaux du Laboratoire de Chimie appliquee a I'Industrie des Resines. 

 Bordeaux 1910. From a copy kindly sent to us. 



-) Americ. Perfumer 5 (1910), 192. 



