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the order of the day. The conditions of sale in particular caused the 

 greatest difficulties, and were only overcome when the Association was 

 established (the plants working by the "destructive process" being excluded) 

 and laid down the standard type of a pure wood turpentine which answers 

 all fair requirements. The Association was also successful in securing 

 the right to substitute for their product the designation "wood spirits 

 turpentine" instead of that of "adulterated spirits turpentine" which is 

 officially prescribed for all oils which are not pure turpentine; a designation 

 which was of course a great stumbling-block in the way of the sale of 

 the wood-spirits. From the consumer's standpoint the principal difference 

 between the two kinds of oil lies in the odour; all other differences are 

 of little importance, except perhaps the somewhat higher temperature (165°) 

 at which the wood turpentine begins to boil, in fact, it might be said that 

 wood turpentine is the purer of the two, because it has been twice distilled; 

 once when it was recovered from the oil by steam-distillation, and again 

 in the subsequent rectification and separation of the heavier oils, whereas 

 genuine turpentine oil has only been distilled once. The young industry 

 has now passed its most difficult time and in view of the declining pro- 

 duction-figures of the genuine oil on the one hand and the growing 

 utilisation of the wood-waste of the saw-mills and of the dying, exhausted 

 turpentine-forests on the other, the producer of wood turpentine looks 

 forward to the future with confidence. 



The two articles by H. S. Betts deal in a more technical sylvicultural 

 manner with the occurrence and the treatment of the various turpentine- 

 yielding pines of the Southern States, the influence of the old "boxing"- 

 method upon the density of the wood of Pinus palustris y the most widely- 

 distributed of the pines (Betts, in contradistinction to other authorities, does 

 not consider that effect to be at all unfavourable), and the application of 

 the wood of the various species to the different purposes of the carpenter, 

 the shipwright, 8jc. Outside of the true turpentine belt, in the States of 

 Arizona and California, modest beginnings have been made in the collection 

 of turpentine from the Western Yellow Pine. These experiments have 

 given satisfactory results and are to be repeated this year upon a larger 

 scale in those two States and also in that of Colorado. 



The articles by Veitch and Donk on turpentine oil, as well as that 

 on the French turpentine industry, do not contain anything that would be 

 new to our readers, and we therefore only quote the titles. 



The subjoined figures, which are of general interest, may be culled 

 from the abundant mass of statistical material. 



Output of turpentine-oil, in barrels of 50 gallons 



1910 1909 1908 1907 1905 



Quantity . . . 555000 580000 731000 684000 613000 



Value ($) . . . 17680000 12654000 14112000 18283000 15170000 



