28 



MISC. PUBLICATION 77, XJ. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



yellow rays, and resemble, as stated, small sunflowers. The plant has a large, 

 long, branching, yellow root. 



Part used. — The root, preferably collected in the fall of the second year and 

 thoroughly freed from dirt, sliced crosswise or lengthwise and carefully dried in 

 the shade. In limited demand only. 



FIGWORT 



Scrophularia marilandica L. (Fig. 49.) 



Synonym. — Scrophularia nodosa var. marilandica A. Gray. 



Other common names. — Maryland figwort, heal-all, pilewort, carpenter square. 



Habitat and range. — This plant, often called Maryland figwort, is found in 

 woodlands from Maine to Kansas and south to Georgia and Tennessee. 



Description. — The figwort is 3 to 10 feet high with 4-ang]ed stems widely 

 branched above and slender-stemmed, somewhat egg-shaped or lance-shaped, 

 sharply toothed leaves 3 to 9 inches long. The numerous small, greenish-purple 

 flowers are produced from July to September in rather open panicles. 



Part used. — The herb. In limited demand only. 









^A 



Figure 49.— Figwort (Scrophularia 

 marilandica) 



Figure 50. 



•Flowering dogwood {Cornus 

 florida) 



FLOWERING DOGWOOD 



Cornus florida L. (Fig. 50.) 



Other common names. — Cornus, American dogwood, Virginia dogwood, Florida 

 dogwood, American cornelian tree, flowering cornel, Florida cornel, white cornel, 

 Indian arrowwood, nature's-mistake. 



Habitat and range. — Dogwood occurs in woods from southern Maine and south- 

 ern Ontario to Florida, Texas, and Missouri, but grows most abundantly in the 

 Middle Atlantic States. 



Description. — The dogwood sometimes grows to a height of 40 feet, but more 

 frequently is a shrub. In the early spring the naked, leafless branches support 

 numerous large, showy white flowers, so-called. The four showy parts of these 

 "flowers" are petallike bracts which surround the true flowers, which are small, 

 greenish-yellow, and inconspicuous. The leaves, which develop after the flowers 

 have disappeared, turn a bright red in autumn, and this with the scarlet fruit 

 makes the tree very attractive at that time of the year. 



Part used. — The bark of the root, collected in autumn. In limited demand only. 



