22 PERMIAN FOSSILS. 



seas.* The Madrepores, Astreas, Fungias, and other calcareous forms so abundant 

 in warmer climates, are familiar productions of Actinarian Zoophytes. 



The animal is generally of a cylindrical form ; often crowned with a large number 

 of naked, tubular tentacles, encircling a single contractile orifice, which serves the 

 double purpose of an ingress and egress opening. The orifice leads into a short 

 gullet, terminating in a large digestive cavity, which is lined with numerous vertical 

 membranous folds, constituting, apparently, the principal seat of reproduction. These 

 folds are supported by the radiating plates to be seen in Astreas and Fungias, and in 

 the figure of Calophyllum Donatianum given in Plate III, fig. 1 . 



Family Cyathophyllid^, Dana. 



Diagnosis — " Coralligenous, the corallum of each polyp, internally at middle, 

 usually transversely or obliquely cellular."'^ (Dana.) 



This family embraces a number of Palaeozoic genera, such as Cyathophyllmriy 

 Strombodes, and the one next to be noticed. 



Genus Calophyllmn, Dana. 

 PoLYCiELiA, King. 



Diagnosis. — " Quite simple, caliculato-ramose, or aggregate. Corallum within 

 transversely septate ; cells concave, regularly stellate ; no internal dissepiments 

 between the lamellae and the sides of the corallum, therefore not cellular." (Dana.) 



At the time I published the paper " On some Families and Genera of Corals," in the 

 ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' 2d series, vol. iii, April, 1849, I was not 

 aware that Mr. Dana had previously established a genus under the name of Calophyllum 

 corresponding to my Polyccelia, typified by a Permian Coral, which had been originally 

 named Turhinolia Donatiana. 



Both genera being evidently the same, I readily adopt the name which belongs 

 to it by right of priority ; but lest it should hereafter be found necessary to subdivide 

 the genus as given by Mr. Dana, it has been deemed necessary to repeat the diagnosis 

 of Polycalia as published in the ' Annals.' 



" A (?) simple Cyathophyllidia. i^or^ conical. Walls solid. Primary vertical plates 

 converging to within a short distance of the centre. Secondary vertical plates reaching 



^ Dr. Johnston, in his ' History of British Zoophytes,' 2d edition, notices four genera of British lamel- 

 liferous Corals, viz. Pocillopora, Oculina, Turhinolia, and Caryophyllia. With regard to Oculina, on 

 the occurrence of which in our seas there has been considerable doubt, a brief account by the writer 

 is given, in the 'Annals of Natural History,' vol. xix, p. 279, of a beautiful specimen of the species 

 O. prolifera, measuring eleven inches in diameter, which was brought up off the coast of Shetland, where 

 it had undoubtedly been living. 



2 Structure and Classification of Zoophytes, p. 115. 



