ANIMALS. 49 



capillary tubes are slightly flexuous, which gives a waved striated appearance to the 

 non-celluliferous surface of the Coral. 



Figure 17, in Plate V, represents a magnified view of the impressions made by a 

 portion of a stem ; showing the pits or depressions (b) resulting from the supposed 

 gemmuliferous vesicles, on lines produced by the slightly-developed dividing ridges ; 

 also, the whole of the surface intervening the cellule-apertures (a), perforated by pores 

 or minute foramina. 



Both Goldfuss's figure (pi. xxxvi, fig. 1 d) and description of this species represent 

 the rows of cellule-apertures situated on broad, rounded ridges, instead of furrows, 

 as they have invariably occurred to me. I notice this discrepancy without being able 

 to explain it, but in hopes of drawing the attention of some one to the original specimen 

 figured in the ' Petrefacta,' and now probably in the University Museum of Bonn. 



Acanthodadia anceps occurs at Tunstall Hill, Dalton-le-Dale, Ryhope Field-House 

 Farm, Castle Eden Dene, Humbleton Gluarry, Hylton North-Farm, and Whitley, in 

 Shelly Magnesian Limestone ; and at Black Hall Rocks arid Tynemouth Abbey Cliff, 

 in Breccia. It is widely distributed over the Permian region of Germany ; occurring 

 in the Lower Zechstein of Corbusen, Milbitz, Schwaara, Dinz, and Hergisdorf ; in 

 Zechstein at Kamsdorf; and in Zechstein-Dolomite at Posneck, Oppung, Konitz, 

 Liebenstein, and Gliicksbrunn (Geinitz). 



Class EcHiNODERMATA, Cuvier. 



This class has lately been divided into seven orders, viz. Ci/stidea, Crinoidece, 

 Echinidea, Stelleridece, Ophiuridea, Holothurideoi, and Sijmnculidece, of which the second 

 and third are the only Permian kinds at present known. 



Or</er Crinoide^,' Miller, 1821. 



Diagnosis. — " Radiated animals, having the body regular ; provided with five 

 pinnate articulated rays, a central mouth, a visceral cavity, and a distinct anus ; and 

 supported on an articulated stem fixed by its base."^ (Milne Edwards.) 



Crinoideas, like most of the groups herein described, though they flourished 

 abundantly during the early periods of the world's organic history, only constitute an 

 insignificant feature in existing creation. The Pentacrinus Caput- Medusce, an inhabitant 

 of the West Indian seas ; the beautiful Comatula rosacea, belonging to our own coasts ; 



1 "I have derived the name of this family from the Greek TA ZHA KPINOEIAEA, the hly-shaped 

 animals, and have used the word to form, with another distinguishing term prefixed, the name of the genera." 

 (Miller, ' A Natural History of the Crinoidea, &c.,' 1821.) 



2 Lamarck's Animaux sans Vertebres, 2d ed., vol. ii, p. 6j2. 



