96 PERMIAN FOSSILS. 



Buchiana, de Koninck, a carboniferous species, and the four forms hereafter noticed, 

 as well as some others described by M. de Verneuil, as occurring in Russia, show that 

 it was continued up to the Permian period. It is to be regretted, with regard to 

 Strophalosia Gerardi (which is represented in PL XIX, figs. 6, 7), that nothing 

 certain is known as to its geological position. Dr. Gerard, who collected the specimen 

 figured with others (" marine shells, resembling oysters") in crossing the boundary of 

 Ladakh and Bis-ahar in the Himalayas,^ was unfortunately not sufficiently acquainted 

 with fossils or geology to publish anything satisfactory on this point. Apparently the 

 species belong to a deposit pertaining to the upper division of the primary system. 



Strophalosia Goldfussi, Miinster. Plate XII, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 

 10,11,12. 



(?) Gryphites rugosus, Schl. Schlotheim, Taschenbuch, p. 58, 1813. 



(?) Chamites granxjlatus „ Boue, Edin. Phil. Journ., vol. xii, p. 144, 1825. 



(?) Productus rugosus „ Brongniart, Tab. de Ter., p. 423, 1829. 



(?) Pboducta RUGOSA „ De la Beche, Geol. Man., p. 384, 1831; Germ. TransL, 



p. 459, 1832; 3d Eng. ed., p. 573, 1833. 

 (?) — — „ Phillips, Encyc. Met., Geology, vol. vi, p. 617, 1834. 



Spondylus Goldfussi, Miinster. Beitrage, vol. i, p. 43, pi. iv, fig. dab, 1839; Idem, 



Zweite Auflage, p. 65. pi. iv, fig. Sab, 1843. 



— — „ Geinitz, Gaea von Sachsen, p. 96, 1843. 



— — „ De Verneuil, Bull, de la Soc. Geol. de France, 2"" serie, 



t. i, p. 34, 1844. 



1 " The geological structure of tbe Spiti district commands a high degree of interest, from its numerous 

 fossil remains, and the irregular character and magnitude of the scenes which represent them — the moun- 

 tains, in many places, appearing to be formed entirely of shells and their exuviae. Specimens of these fossils 

 have been sent by me to Calcutta, where, no doubt, they wiU have been duly appreciated and elucidated by 

 those who are more conversant than myself with the subject of fossil conchology. Some of the fragments 

 were broken from masses of rock, lying at the foot of a cliff, from which they appeared to be detached, at a 

 height of 15,000 feet. The chff rose like a waU abruptly from the river, but its eastern side sloped off from 

 a crest, 16,000 feet high, where some Ammonites were found. [One of the specimens now in my collection 

 Te&emh\e& Ammonites elegans. — W. K.] Illness, and the languor produced by such an attenuated atmosphere, 

 prevented my taking every advantage of my visit to this interesting region, and my journey was terminated 

 by the limits of the British territory. Just before crossing the boundary of Lad§,kh and Bis-ahar, I was gra- 

 tified by the discovery of a bed of marine shells, resembling oysters, and chnging to a rock in a similar 

 manner ; but the suspicions of the Chinese prevented my bringing away many specimens. The loftiest 

 position at which I actually picked up some of the shells was on the crest of a pass, elevated 17,000 feet, 

 where also were seen numerous blocks of calcareous silicious matrix. I was not able to pass more than a 

 single day at this interesting spot ; but I brought away numerous fragments of the rock." (Dr. Gerard, 

 ' Asiatic Kesearches of the Bengal Society,' vol. xviii.) 



