98 PERMIAN FOSSILS. 



Strophahsia Goldfussi is very common in the shell-limestone at Ryhope Field-House 

 Farm, where a bed is filled with its casts. It is also found, but considerably less 

 abundantly, in the corresponding rock at Humbleton Hill, Castle-Eden Dene, and 

 Dalton-le-Dale : I succeeded in finding a few specimens in the Breccia of Tynemouth 

 Clifi". It is a common fossil at Konitz, in Germany : Geinitz notices its occurrence 

 also at Milbitz, Ropsen, and Corbusen, in the Lower Zechstein. 



Strophalosia excavata, Geinitz. Plate XII, figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 



(?) Gkyphites aculeatus, Jun., Schl. Leonhard's Taschenbuch, vol. vii, pi. iv, fig. 3, 1813. 

 Oethis excavata, Geinits. Neues Jahrbuch, p. 578, pi. x, figs. 12, 13, 1842. 



— — „ Gsea von Sachsen, p. 97, 1843. 



— — „ De Verneuil, Bull. Geol. Soc. de France, 2""° serie, vol. i, 



p. 29, 1844. 

 Steophalosia &PXNIFERA, King. Op. cit., p. 30. 

 Orthis excavata, Geinitz. Geol. Russ., vol. i, p. 223, 1845. 

 Steophalosia spimifeea. King. Loe. cit. 



— — „ King, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii, 



p. 28, 1847. 

 Peoductus Lewisianus, Koninck. Mon. du Genre Productus, p. 262, pi. xv, fig. 5 



a, b, c, d, e, 1847. 

 — Geinitzianus, Koninck. Op. cit., p. 264, pi. xv, fig. Za, h, c, d, 1847. 



Steophalosia sptnipeea. King. Catalogue, p. 9, 1848. 



Peoductus Moreisianus, King. Howse, Trans. T. N. F. C, vol. i, p. 257,, 1848. 

 Orthotheix excavatus, Geinitz. Versteinerungen, pp. 14, 15, pi. v, figs. 35, 37 .• pi. vi, 



fig. 20 a, 6, c, 1848. 



— Goldfussi, Miinster. Op. cit., pi. v, fig. 30, &c. 



Diagnosis. — " Large valve hemispherical oval (quer-oval), finally concentrically striated, 

 and covered with long slender spines ; with a small, low, rounded, pointed umbone : 

 area high, and divided by a small occasionally slightly-indented deltidium (sinus). 

 Small valve (in old examples) deeply concave, pouch-shaped, generally a little wider 

 than long (its greatest width being about the middle of its length), and covered with 

 small spines, as in the other valve. The Jdntje is about equal to two thirds of the widest 

 part of the shell. The area is low."^ 

 The typical Strophalosia. 



I am induced to add the description of the shell given in my ' Catalogue,' as it notices 

 one or two points overlooked by Dr. Geinitz. " Form roundish. Area narrow and 

 slightly elevated. Dorsal valve roundly convex, with very long curved spines often 



' " i2weA«wscAa/ehalbkugelig quer-oval, mit einem kleinen niedergebogenen spitzen Wirbel, einer hohen 

 Area und einem schmalen, bisweilen nur schw^ach angedeuteten Sinus, fein concentrisch gestreift und mit 

 diinnen, aber langen Stachelrohren besetzt. Bauchschale an altern Individuen stark vertieft,' taschenformig, 

 indem ihre grosste Breite unterhalb der Mitte der Lange liegt, racist etwas breiter als lang und mit ahnlichen 

 Rohrenstacheln oder Warzen bedeckt, wie die andere Schale. Der Schlossrand nimmt ungefahr zwei 

 Dritttbeile der grossten Schalenbreite ein. Die Area der Ventralschale ist niedrig." (Geinitz, Verstein- 

 erungen, p. 15.) 



