ANIMALS. 149 



BoHand, often identified with Terehratula hastata, are in no respect different from the 

 ordinary form of the present species. Certain varieties of Ejnthi/ris ehngata have much 

 the aspect of the Muschelkalk Terehratula angusta} Schl., found in the Mine de Frederic a 

 Tarnowitz, in Silesia ; but no specimens have occurred to me with " un sillon etroit" on 

 the ventral or small valve, which the latter is said to possess.^ 



The punctures of Epithyris elongata, highly magnified in PI. VI, fig. 44, are much 

 smaller than in many Terebratulidias, for example, Waldheimia, etc. : they give a 

 finely granulated surface to the shell when examined by a Stanhope lens ; and in some 

 places they display a strong tendency to fall into a linear arrangement. 



The loop occupies the posterior third of the shell, and is folded back on itself to a 

 distance equalling half its length.^ 



The average size of this species is about three quarters of an inch long and nearly 

 five eighths wide ; but occasionally specimens occur fully double this size. 



Epithyris elongata is a very common fossil at Tunstall Hill, Humbleton Quarry, 

 Dalton-le-Dale, Ryhope Field-House Farm, in Shell-limestone. It is of much rarer 

 occurrence in the contemporaneous rock at Hylton North- Farm, Castle-Eden-Dene, 

 and at the north end of Black -Hall Rocks; also in the Breccia at Tynemouth. It is 

 suspected to have been found at Ferry Bridge by Professor Phillips ; and I have little 

 doubt of its occurring in the Mountain Limestone of Bolland. Von Buch states it to 

 be found at Meiningen and Schraerbach ; and Dr. Geinitz records its occurrence in 

 the under Zechstein and Zechstein-dolomite of Corbusen, and a number of other 

 German localities. De Verneuil states that " in Russia this species is only found in the 

 Permian system, in which it is very abundant" (Geol. Russ., vol. ii, pp. ^1 , 68) : it occurs 

 at Nikefur, Santagulova, Orenbourg, Jemangulova, Mount Tchelpan, Itschalki, and 

 at the embouchure of the Sakmara. Count Keyserling has discovered it " in the 

 Permian Limestone on the Wytschegda near Ustnem and Myldina" (vide Reise in das 

 Petschora-Land, im Jahre 1843, p. 238). 



Epithyris sufflata, ScJdotheim. Plate VII, figs. 1 to 9. 



Terebratulites sufflatus, Schl. Akad. Munch., vol. vi, p. 27, pi. vii, figs. 10, 1 1, 1816. 



— — ,, Peti-efiictenkunde, p. 277, 1820. 



— — „ Boue, Edin. Phil. Journal, vol. xii, p. 144, 1825. 

 (?) — INFLATA „ Brong., Tab. de Terr., p. 42.5, 1829 



^ Vide Von Buch, Ueber Terebrateln. 



2 The so-called Terehratula elonc/ata, represented in Count Miinster's Beitrage, Heft iv, pi. vi, fig. 14, 

 and found in the (?) Triassic marls of St. Kassian, appears to be another species : its beak is too much 

 produced compared with the Permian fossils. 



^ The sketch of the loop in Plate VI, fig. 45, does not represent this structure so faithfully as could be 

 wished : it is rather too wide in front, and the recurved portion ought to have been carried a little further 

 back. 



