— 4 o — 



(synonyms: E. angulosa Schauer, E. cuspzdata Turcz., E.costata R.Br., 

 E. linopoda R. Br., E. 1'ugosa R. Br., E. sulcata Tausch, E. pachyphylla 

 A. Cunn.). Var. goniantha var. nov. [E. goniantha Turcz.). Var. grossa, 

 var. nov. (synonyms: E. grossa F. v. M., E. pachypoda F. v. M.). As 

 synonyms of E. foecwida Schauer, Maiden mentions: Var. loxophleba 

 J. G. Luehmann with E \ loxophleba Benth. and E.amygdalina Schauer 

 non Lab ill. A large number of well- executed illustrations is added 

 to this Part. 



Extract Oils, essential. It is well known that in the blossom 

 industry of the South of France the odour of many blossoms which 

 are important for purposes of perfumery, has now for some years 

 been obtained on an extensive scale by extraction with light pet- 

 roleum. The products of this manufacturing process, the blossom-ex- 

 tracts, are distinguished by their natural aroma, but in addition to the 

 essential oils which alone come under consideration for the odour, 

 they contain large quantities of odourless constituents such as vegetable 

 waxes, resins, paraffins, etc., of which many dissolve only with difficulty 

 in alcohol. This odourless ballast can partly be removed from the 

 extracts by treatment with alcohol, or more completely by distillation 

 with water- vapour. In view of the comparatively small quantity of 

 essential oil contained in the extracts, a large proportion of the oil 

 passes over in the distillation- water, from which it is recovered by 

 extraction with salt and with ether. The pure essential oils of the 

 blossoms which remain behind after distilling off the ether, contain 

 the odorous substances of the blossoms in a concentrated form, and 

 they have for several years occupied in a marked degree the attention 

 of the chemists whose work lies in the domain of the essential oils. 

 H. von Soden 1 ) describes a number of blossom-oils obtained by this 

 process, some of which are already known, and of which others have 

 not yet been examined, iooo kilos violet-blossoms (March 1903) 

 yielded 31 gm. (0,003 1°/ ) °f a non-fluorescent essential oil with a 

 faint greenish colour, which did not solidify in a freezing mixture; 

 di 5 o 0,920; «Di7°-j- 104 15'; acid number 10; ester number 37; readily 

 soluble in alcohol. In a concentrated form essential oil of violets has 

 only a feeble violet-odour; only when diluted 1 : 5000 to 10 000 this 

 odour becomes prominent, and is then accompanied by a herb -like 

 additional odour originating from the sepals of the blossom. Oil of 

 violets is the most expensive oil used in practice. The production of 

 the oil freed from the odourless admixtures would cost j^ 4,000 per 

 kilo, without reckoning manufacturing charges. 



From 600 kilos mignonette-blossoms (June 1903) 0,003 % essential 

 oil of mignonette-blossoms was obtained. The yellow oil, possessing 



*) Journ. f. prakt. Chemie II. 69 (1904), 256. 



