- 58 - 



The oils are insoluble in 80 per cent, alcohol, soluble in 10 vol. 90 per cent, 

 alcohol; they are miscible with 95 per cent, and stronger alcohol. 



On fractional distillation in a Ladenburg flask, there passed over, 

 of oil A: between 155 and 170 , 58°/ (« D — 27 50'), between 170 

 and 190 , 20% ( a D — 3i°4o')> residue 20 %• 0f oil B there distilled 

 between 155 and 170 , 42% (« D — 2 6° 42'), from 170 to 190 , 2O°/ 

 (a D — 2 9°34 / ), residue 37°/ . 



The oil of Pinus maritima contains no aldehydes; the free acid of 

 the oil obtained from dried shoots consists chiefly of caprylic acid 

 (about 1,396 °/ ). In the formation of ester, only lower fatty acids 

 appear to take part, probably acetic acid, propionic acid, caprylic acid, 

 and laurinic acid. The bulk of the oil, according to Belloni, consists 

 of 1-pinene, of which he determined the following constants: diso 0,86186, 

 Mdi5° — 2 9°3o', boiling point 155 to 157 . (Nitrosochloride melting 

 point 103 , nitrolpiperidide melting point 118 .) Phellandrene and 

 sylvestrene could not be detected in the fraction passing over from 

 170 to 190 , but the presence of limonene is probable, either in the 

 optically active form, or inactive as dipentene. The alcohols of the 

 oil could not be identified; although the odour pointed to the presence 

 of borneol esters, it was not possible to isolate borneol. 



When producing the pinene nitrolpiperidide, Belloni observed 

 that, when the alcoholic solution of the nitrosochloride is heated for 

 a prolonged time with piperidine on the water bath, there are formed, 

 in the place of pinene nitrolpiperidide, needle-shaped crystals of the 

 nitrosopinene (melting point 131 to 13 2°). Piperidine acts therefore, 

 with prolonged heating, the same as potassium hydrate or diethylamine, 

 which convert nitrosochloride into nitrosopinene. 



Rose Oil. The prices of the better-class brands of really pure 

 quality have kept at the same level throughout the season, but ordinary 

 market-qualities, of which the bulk of the sales consists, could be 

 bought about 30 /o cheaper. The official export-figures of the last 

 two years are as follows: — 



Rose oil export from I st January to 31 st December. 



i9°5 T 9°4 



to Austria-Hungary 23 kilos 



the United Kingdom 891 „ 



Germany 714 „ 



Turkey 230 „ 



France x 5 2 9 » 



the United States, Russia, Italy, 

 Belgium, etc J 9 2 9 » i° 2 3 



23 



kilos 



472 



« 



853 



jj 



578 



>» 



1445 



»» 



Total 5316 kilos 4394 kilos 



The stocks in hand of the various qualities are estimated at about 650 kilos. 



