— 66 — 



away with most of the drawbacks mentioned above. In the first place, 

 the cutting of a large hollow in the trunk is obviated. Its place is 

 taken by a receptacle which is suspended from a nail in the trunk. 

 As in the "box"- system, here also the first work is cutting strips in 

 the bark and the splint, and as the work proceeds the space above 

 the receptacle is gradually cleared of bark. In order to let the exuding 

 resin collect in the earthenware pots or vessels placed below, two strips 

 or gutters of galvanised sheet iron about 2" wide by 6" to 12" long 

 are employed. These are placed in grooves cut into the trunk with 

 a broad axe in such manner, that each of the two cuts forms an 

 angle of 6o° with the longitudinal axis of the tree, and the two 

 together therefore form an angle of 120 open at the top. The two 

 gutters however are not placed at the same height, but one about 1" 

 or 2" above the other, so that the resin flowing along the upper gutter 

 only passes the other one when flowing down, and then passing through 

 the lower gutter reaches the vessel placed below the latter. When the 

 cuts in the trunk and the peeling of the bark is continued in an upward 

 direction, the gutters and the vessel are also moved upwards. In stouter 

 trees containing more resin, several such vessels can of course be placed 

 around the tree. The new method is still being tried further, but it 

 can be foreseen that it guarantees a more rational output of the trees 

 than is possible with the "<for"-system. 



Utz 1 ) makes some further communications on the examination of 

 oil of turpentine and substitutes of oil of turpentine. He determined 

 the iodine number 2 ) of various turpentine oils and pine tar oils, and 

 found somewhat considerable differences in the values; he draws the 

 conclusion that the iodine number has little importance for the analysis 

 of turpentine oil, as according to experiments made, the iodine numbers 

 vary considerably according to the manner of keeping the oils. Utz 

 has confirmed the colour reaction indicated by Valenta for pinolin. 

 He also found that pinolin, in the treatment with concentrated and 

 fuming sulphuric acid, shows a larger separation than the different 

 turpentine oils, whilst the refraction of the oil separated off is lower 

 than that of oil of turpentine. 



Vaubel 3 ) recommends for the valuation of turpentine oils, the 

 determination of the bromine number, which the author accomplishes 



1 ) Chem. Rev. Fett- und Harzindustrie 12 (1905), 231. Accord, to Chem. 

 Centralbl. 1905, II, 1393, 



2 ) The iodine numbers ascertained by Utz for turpentine oil (223,5 to 33 l fi) 

 lie between the values found earlier by Worstall on the one hand, and by- 

 Harvey on the other, and they afford a fresh proof of how much depends here 

 on the conditions of the test. Comp. Report October 1904, 85. 



8 ) According to a paper. Zeitschr. f. off. Chem. 11 (1905), 429. Ace. to 

 Chem. Centralbl. 1906, I. 199. 



