- 7 8 - 



mentioned above have been put right in almost every case, and the 

 requirements specified may, whith a few exceptions which still stand 

 in need of correction, be characterised as answering the purpose and 

 up to date. Following the example of other Pharmacopoeias, the 

 editors of the Austrian have also endeavoured to replace essential oils 

 wherever possible by their active constituents, as for instance anise 

 oil by anethol, clove oil by eugenol, etc. There has further been 

 added cajeput oil, whilst bergamot oil is now no longer included. 



Where "parts" are mentioned, they are parts by weight. 



The alcohols coming under consideration are the following: 



a) Spiritus (Spiritus vini concentratus) with 90 to 91,2 per cent. 

 by volume, and 



b) Spiritus dilutus (Spiritus vini dilutus) with 68 to 69 per cent, 

 by volume. 



Anethol {Anetholum). Prepared from anise oil 1 ). White crystal- 

 line mass; d 0,984 to 0,986 2 ); melting point 20 to 21 03 ); boiling 

 point 232 to 2 3 4 ; soluble in 2 parts Spiritus 4 ); volatile when heat 

 is applied, without leaving any (or only a small) residue. 



1 ) It is no doubt generally known that fennel oil and star-anise oil are 

 also crude materials for anethol. The anethol is of course the same in every case. 



2 ) The specific gravity is for 25 . 



3 ) The melting point of pure anethol lies between 22 and 23 , the solidifying 

 point between 21 and 2 2°. 



4 ) 2 to 3 volumes alcohol of 90 per cent, by vol. are required to dissolve 

 1 vol. anethol. 



Cajeput Oil {Oleum cajuputi). Green; di 5 o 0,920*) to 0,930; very 

 readily soluble in Spiritus. 



2 ) It would be more correct to take 0,919 as the lower limit of value. 



Carvone (Carvonum). Colourless or yellowish; d 15 o 0,960 to 0,964 *) ; 

 boiling point 229 to 230 ; soluble in 2 parts spir. dil. 



1 ) The specific gravity of pure carvone lies between 0,963 and 0,966. 



Cinnamic Aldehyde (Cinnama/um). Obtained from cassia oil 1 ); 

 yellow; di 5 o 1,054 to 1,056 2 ); soluble in every proportion in Spiritus; 

 if 2 cc. cinnamic aldehyde are mixed with the same quantity sodium 

 bisulphite solution (3O°/ ), and heated on a waterbath, a solid mass 

 should be formed, which must dissolve completely when heated further 

 and when 22 cc. bisulphite solution are gradually added; test for 

 nitric acid; ferric chloride reaction. 



*) The commercial cinnamic aldehyde is usually produced synthetically, as 

 the production from cassia oil would be too expensive. 



2 ) The specific gravity is also some times higher; we have observed in our 

 own preparations up to 1,058. 



Eugenol (Eugenolum). Colourless or yellowish, in course of time 

 becoming brownish; d^o 1,072 to 1,074 x ); boiling point 252 to 254 02 ); 



