— 82 — 



Of alcohols, there are admitted an alcohol of 95 (95 per cent, 

 by volume), and one of 6o° (60 per cent, by volume). 



Anise Oil {Esencia de anis). Colourless; di 5 o 0,984 to 0,986*); 

 solidifies at -j- io° into a white crystalline mass 2 ); soluble in alcohol 

 in every proportion; the alcoholic solution must not redden litmus 

 paper, and its colour must not change when ferric chloride is added. 



*) As solidification sometimes occurs already spontaneously at 15 , it is advisable 

 to determine the specific gravity at 20 ; the limits of value lie between 0,980 and 

 0,990, those given above are incorrect. 



2 ) Solidification has frequently to be started by inoculation with a small crystal 

 of solid anethol, as anise oil can under certain conditions be cooled very much 

 without solidifying. The solidification point of good oils lies above -J- 1 7°; for the 

 determination, comp. Gildemeister and Hoffmann, "The Volatile Oils'', p. 187. 



Bergamot Oil {Esencia de bergamota). Obtained from the peel 

 of the bergamot by expression or by distillation with water vapour 1 ); 

 yellowish-green or green 2 ); diso 0,86 to 0,88 3 ); «p to the right; soluble 

 in one half volume 85 per cent, alcohol, and in potash liquor 4 ); 4 vol. 

 oil form a clear solution with 1 vol. carbon disulphide, which becomes 

 cloudy when more carbon disulphide is added. 



1 ) The oil obtained in the usual manner by distillation with water vapour is 

 inferior. Comp. Gildemeister and Hoffmann, "The Volatile Oils", p. 474. 



2 ) Bergamot oil has also frequently, especially in the fresh state, a brown or 

 honey colour. Distilled bergamot oil is colourless. 



3 ) The specific gravity of the oil obtained by expression lies between 0,881 

 and 0,886; the distilled oils are somewhat lighter (0,865 to 0,880). 



4 ) In ordinary aqueous potash liquor bergamot oil is not soluble. 



Bitter Almond Oil (Esencia de almendras amargas). When freshly 

 distilled, colourless, subsequently yellowish; d^o 1,043 1 ); a Di°° 2 ); 

 soluble in 30 parts water 3 ), in every proportion in alcohol and ether. 

 It should not react 4 ) violently with iodine which dissolves slowly in 

 it; when mixed with sulphuric acid it should acquire a brown colour 

 which disappears again almost completely when alcohol is added. If 

 a mixture of 1 part oil, 8 parts alcohol and 1 part potash is heated 

 until 2/3 of the alcohol have evaporated, no crystalline residue should 

 remain behind, and the liquid should have a yellowish-brown colour. 



x ) The specific gravity lies at 15 between 1,045 an( * 1,070. 



2 ) Sometimes a very slight optical activity is observed. 



3 ) The solution is not complete even if more water is added; the bulk of the 

 oil separates out again when the mixture is left standing. 



4 ) Such reactions are of no importance whatever for judging essential oils; for 

 this reason they are not mentioned again in the following pages. The same applies 

 to tests of a similar character, as for example colour- reactions. 



Cajeput Oil (Esencia de cayeput). Colourless, yellowish-green, or 

 emerald green; d 15 o 0,91 to 0,95*); «d + o° 2 ); neutral; readily soluble 

 in alcohol and acetic acid and alcohol, but not in carbon disulphide 3 ). 



*) The limits of value might have been drawn narrower; di5° 0,919 to 0,930. 



2 ) Cajeput oil is slighdy lsevorotatory, aj> to — 2° 40'. 



