— 122 — 



resulted in azelaic acid and carbon tetrabromide. The unsaturated 

 ketone which is present in the oil must therefore be nonylene-1 -methyl - 

 ketone. As it was found impossible, by recrystallisation, to split up the 

 semicarbazone from the original oil into its constituents, the ketone mix- 

 ture which was regenerated from it was brominated, with a methyl 

 alcoholic bromine solution, when hardly any portion of it reacted except 

 the unsaturated ketone 1 ). After the saturated ketone had been distilled 

 off the dibromide passed over at 204° (15 mm.). Upon the bromine being 

 abstracted from the dibromide with zinc-dust and alcohol, there resulted 

 a ketone, m. p. — 7°; b. p. 235°; d 11(50 0,848; mol. refr. 52,47, calc. for 

 C 10 H 20 O/T 52,51 2 ). 



The alcohols of the trawas oil were separated by a similar method, 

 and proved to be 1-methyl-w-nonylcarbinol (« D — 5°40') and undecene-l-ol-10 

 (b. p. 233°; dioo 0,835). Methylnonylcarbinol was identified by oxidation 

 into methyl-n-nonylketone; undecenol, when oxidised with chromic acid 

 and sulphuric acid, yielded a ketone of which the semicarbazone had 

 m. p. 113°; when oxidised with permanganate of potassium it yielded 

 2-ketodecylic acid. 



An oil of which a sample was sent to us from Java many years ago 

 under the name of "trawas olie" may here be mentioned. Its behaviour 

 was as follows: di 5 o 0,9127, « D — 20°12', n D20 o 1 ,46377, soluble in 1,1 vols a.m. 

 80% alcohol; the diluted solution showed slight opalescence. The oil 

 was rich in cineole, as was evident from its odour, which also reminded 

 of cardamoms. 



Turpentine Oil. The method of turpentine-production by the new 

 "cup and gutter" system, which we have repeatedly described in detail, 

 has, according to an American Journal 3 ), the disadvantage that the cups 

 employed for collecting the balsam are often upset by hogs and other 

 animals which scour the forest for food. Many of the earthenware cups, 

 no matter how carefully they are handled, are lost by breakage, and, 

 finally, a good deal of the turpentine oil is wasted by evaporation. All 

 drawbacks, as well as the danger of fire, are said to be obviated by a 

 new method in which the collecting-vessel and the tapping-place in the 

 tree are connected in an air-tight manner. This is done by boring into 

 the sapwood of the tree a hole of 2 3 /» inches diameter, and not too deep. 

 From the centre of this hole two other holes, 3 / 4 inch in diameter each, 

 are bored steep upwards in a slanting direction, to the depth of a few 



c 



*) According to Lobry de Bruyn [Bed. Berichte 26 (1893), 272] bromine acts much more 

 slowly upon methyl alcohol than upon ethyl alcohol; hence the former is to be preferred for 

 brominating purposes. 



2 ) In this connection it should be borne in mind that possibly the ketone may still 

 contain traces of saturated ketone which may be formed from the unsaturated ketone in the 

 course of the treatment with zinc-dust. 



3 ) Scientific American 105 (1911), 383. 



