— 123 — 



inches. The rough bark surrounding the central opening is smoothed 

 f down to admit of the opening being closed with a flat cover. This cover 

 communicates by means of a hollow prop with a second cover placed 

 at right angles to the first, and into this second cover a glass receptacle, 

 holding about one pint, is screwed air-tight. The turpentine collects first 

 in the 3 / 4 inch holes, and flows thence through the wider hole and the 

 hollow prop into the glass receptacle which, when full, is replaced by 

 another. It is said that this new method possesses several advantages 

 over those now in use. Among these, in addition to the avoidance of the 

 disadvantages enumerated above, are the preservation of the trees, coupled 

 with the possibility of tapping them for an unlimited period; the prevention 

 of loss by running or evaporation and the avoidance of the costly and 

 destructive process of preparing the drawing-surface by cutting. 



It appears to us, at any rate at first sight, that the considerably higher 

 cost-price of the glass receptacles and metal-parts as compared with the 

 simple earthenware cups and tin-strips of the "cup and gutter" method, 

 will be a disadvantage of the new process. 



Numerous investigations, especially by French chemists, have shown 

 the pinene of the Aleppo fir (Pinus halepensis) to be specially rich in pure 

 d-a-pinene. On the other hand, Fernandez 1 ) has found that the pinene 

 from the Andalusian fir, which is identical with the Aleppo fir, is not quite 

 identical with ordinary pinene. Unfortunately the abstract of Fernandez* 

 paper before us gives no particulars of the constants of the pinene 

 mentioned by him. He assumes the two pinenes to differ from each other 

 because no nitrosites were obtainable from the Spanish pinene. When 

 attacked by nitrogen tetroxide in the presence of acetic acid at 0°, a 

 brownish-black body (probably an oxime) with a cymene-like odour was 

 separated out. This body constituted about 55% by weight of the pinene 

 used. The corresponding pinene nitrolpiperidine constituted a spongy, 

 non-crystalline mass. With toluidine, Fernandez obtained high-boiling 

 fluids which distilled over between 130 and 141° at 14 mm.; from the 

 naphthylamines and the sulphanilic acid he was unable to obtain nitrol- 

 amines. The Spanish pinene only afforded 10°/ crystalline terpene. 



In the abstract at our disposal several points are left obscure. It is 

 to be regretted that Fernandez does not state the constants of Spanish fir oil. 

 We are uncertain what Fernandez means by his crystallised terpene, — 

 "Aether camphene, prepared from conversion from the pinene hydrochloride 

 or direct from the oil, or whether terpine? The fact that with aromatic bases 

 such as aniline (and certainly also with homologous bases) pinene nitroso- 

 chloride does not afford nitrolamines, but pinene and amidoazobenzene 

 is, we should think, generally known. 



J ) Chem. Ztg. 35 (1911), 1152. From a lecture. 



