- 36 - 



principal producers; in North America, where the eucalyptus arrived 

 immediately after its introduction in France, it also gives rise to great 

 expectations. Finally the British Colonies in South Africa come under 

 consideration, but the British and German Colonies in tropical Africa, 

 and the Congo Free State, also carry on the cultivation of eucalyptus 

 successfully. On the lower Congo and in Katanga E. Globulus has been 

 selected, in German East Africa and German South West Africa experi- 

 ments are made with four eucalyptus species: E. loxophleba Benth., 



E. redunca Schau., E. salmonophloia F. v. M., and E. salubris F. v. M. 



Next to the palms, the eucalypts are no doubt the most useful 

 trees on earth; they afford shadow and protect plantations against 

 wind; they yield gum, resin, honey, serve as timber for building, as 

 firewood, and for the production of oil. Owing to their rapid growth, 

 all these advantages can be obtained in a comparatively short time. 

 In recent times, india-rubber has been detected in some species, even 

 in the leaves. The eucalypts are also cultivated for mountain forests, 

 but for such purposes the slower-growing species are employed, as 

 they are more resisting and thrive splendidly even at altitudes of 

 6000 feet. E. corynocalix F. v. M., E. crebra F. v. M., E. diversicolot 



F. v. M., E. sideroxylon Cunn., E. Globulus Labill., and E. tereticornis Sm. 

 are suitable for this purpose. 



It is well known 1 ) that Eucalyptus Staigeriana F. v. M. growing 

 in Northern Queensland contains an oil with a pleasant and intense 

 odour of lemons and verbena. In their work "Research on the Eucalypts 

 and their Essential Oils" 2 ) R. T. Baker and H. G. Smith had not 

 described this species owing to lack of material for examination; they 

 now make up for this in a communication in the Pharmaceutical Journal 3 ). 

 Eucalyptus Staigeriana or "the lemon-scented itonbark'% is a small tree 

 with a dark and irregularly fissured bark, and brownish grey leaves 

 which have a lancet-shaped form, are 3" to 5" long, and provided 

 with numerous oil cells. The blossoms have an umbelliform arrange- 

 ment, the fruit is turbiniform, but well -grown. The crude oil was 

 insoluble in 6 vol. 80 per cent, alcohol, and even with 8 vol. it showed 

 still a slight turbidity; « D — 41,1°; d 16 o 0,8708; n D 1,4871. Below 175 

 (corr.) only a few drops passed over, at 175 to 193 , 65°/ . This 



23° 



fraction had the following constants: d^ 0,851; n D 1,4798. Between 

 193 and 265 , 23°/ passed over (d23o 0,8828; n D 1,4846). Between 

 265 and 300 only traces passed over (n D 1,5033), and the distillate 

 was quite acid. The various distillates were now rectified, and from 



*) Bericht April 1888, 20; comp. also Gildemeister and Hoffmann, 

 The Volatile Oils, p. 538. 



2 ) Reports October 1903, 38; October 1904, 31. 



3 ) Pharmaceutical Journal 76 (1906), 571, 



