— 40 — 



higher a clear solution is finally obtained, which on cooling again 

 becomes semi-solid. Towards fatty oils the balsam behaves in exactly 

 the same manner, and this property is all the more important, as it 

 is a valuable one for the manufacture of varnishes. Whilst balao is liquid 

 at ordinary temperature, it hardens during steam distillation, and 

 becomes viscid to such a degree that it is impossible to obtain then 

 more than traces of a volatile oil. Nor can the volatile substances 

 be separated off by distillation at reduced pressure, as the mass at 

 once begins to foam, and the residue from which the water has been 

 removed becomes solid. It is therefore necessary to distil over a 

 naked flame, when finally 5o°/ of the balsam pass over, of which 

 about one half consists of oil, and the other half of water. The 

 boiling temperature ranged between 200 and 300 ; the bulk 

 passed over at 260 to 264 (760 mm. pressure) or 151 to 154 



OAO 



(40 mm. pressure); d^ 0,9127; a D3o° -[- 78,5°. The distillate had a 

 faint yellow colour and the characteristic odour of balao. Another purified 

 sample of the same boiling temperature had d^ 0,9131; a D3o°-j-87°. 

 As heating over a naked flame is not favourable for the isolation of 

 a body in the pure state, the balsam was mixed with non- volatile 

 cocoa nut oil, and then treated with steam. The product thus 

 obtained boiled at 149 to 152 (37 mm. pressure); d^ 0,9140; 

 a D30° -f- 61,3°; it is doubtless a sesquiterpene, but it could not be 

 identified further. 



3. Panao oil (malapaho). The mother- plant is Dipterocarpus 

 vernicifluus Blanco. This oil is not used so much as balao, probably 

 because it dries with much more difficulty. The manner of production 

 is the same. The fresh oil is white, viscid, and has a characteristic 

 odour which distinguishes it from similar products. It takes up oxygen 

 from the air, and when left standing becomes darker-coloured, but it 

 dries with difficulty even in a thin film. At ioo° it becomes more 

 liquid (contrary to balao); it dissolves in ether or chloroform with 

 separation of water, and is also partly soluble in alcohol or benzene; 

 none of its constituents dissolves in water. When distilled over a 

 naked flame the balsam behaves like balao. All samples contained 

 water (about 25%), an oil containing sesquiterpene (about 35%) an( ^ 

 solid constituents (about 40%). The sesquiterpene of malapaho boils 



OAO 



almost completely from 256 to 261 (760 mm. pressure); d^ °>9 I 65; 

 a D30° — 54°- 



The products described greatly resemble the copaiba and gurjun 

 balsams, and the author therefore considers it not impossible that 

 for example supa oil might also be employed for the purpose of 

 adulteration. 



