MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 



35 



open, as much as 20 cm. long, the 

 branches as much as 15 cm. long, 

 naked at base, in small plants the pan- 

 icles reduced to a raceme of a few 

 appressed short-pediceled spikelets ; 

 spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long, 6- to 12-flow- 

 ered; glumes acuminate, about 1 cm. 

 long; lemmas glabrous, scabrous, or 

 sometimes pubescent, acuminate, 1.5 

 cm. long, closely overlapping, conceal- 

 ing the short rachilla joints, awnless 

 or with an awn 1 to 3 mm. long ; palea 

 two-thirds as long as the lemma. 

 O (B. unioloides H. B. K.) — Culti- 

 vated in the Southern States as a 

 winter forage grass. Escaped from 

 cultivation or sparingly introduced 

 in waste places throughout Southern 

 States and rarely northward. Known 

 also as Schrader's bromegrass. Intro- 

 duced from South America. 



2. Bromus sitchensis Trin. (Fig. 4.) 

 Stout smooth perennial; culms 120 

 to 180 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; 

 blades elongate, 7 to 12 mm. wide, 

 sparsely pilose on the upper surface; 

 panicles large, lax, drooping, 25 to 

 35 cm. long, the lower branches 

 (2 to 4) as much as 20 cm. long, 

 naked below for as much as 10 or 

 15 cm., few-flowered; spikelets 2.5 to' 

 3.5 cm. long, 6- to 12-flowered, the 

 rachilla joints longer than in B. 

 catharticus, exposed at anthesis; lem- 

 mas scabrous, sometimes hirtellous 

 toward base; awn 5 to 10 mm. long. 

 % — Woods and banks near the 

 coast, Alaska to Oregon. 



3. Bromus aleutensis Trin. ex Gri- 

 seb. (Fig. 5.) Culms rather stout, 

 erect from a usually decumbent base, 

 50 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths sparsely 

 retrorse-pilose or glabrous; blades 

 sparsely pilose, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 

 panicle erect, loose, 10 to 20 cm. 

 long, the branches rather stiffly as- 

 cending, bearing 1 or 2 (rarely 3) 

 spikelets, the lower as much as 10 

 cm. long; spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 cm. 

 long, 3- to 6-flowered; glumes sub- 

 equal, the first 3-nerved, the second 

 5- or indistinctly 7-nerved; lemmas 

 broadly lanceolate, 7-nerved, scari- 

 ous-margined, smooth to scabrous- 



FlGURE 5. 



-Bromus aleutensis, X 1. 

 Alaska.) 



(Evans 550, 



pubescent, about 15 mm. long; awn 

 mostly about 1 cm. long. % — 

 Open ground, Aleutian Islands to 

 the Olympic Mountain region. 



4. Bromus breviaristatus Buckl. 

 (Fig. 6.) Erect tufted perennial; 

 culms 25 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths ca- 

 nescent to densely retrorse-pilose; 

 blades narrow, becoming involute, 

 canescent and also pilose with spread- 

 ing hairs, mostly erect or ascending, 

 often only 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle 

 narrow, erect, 5 to 15 cm. long, the 

 branches short, appressed, often bear- 

 ing only 1 spikelet; spikelets 2 to 3 

 cm. long; lemmas appressed-puber- 

 ulent; awn 3 to 10 mm. long. % 

 {B. subvelutinus Shear.) — Dry wooded 

 hills and meadows, Wyoming to 

 British Columbia, eastern Washing- 

 ton, Nevada, and California. 



5. Bromus carinatus Hook, and 

 Arn. California brome. (Fig. 7.) 

 Erect annual or mostly biennial; 

 culms mostly 50 to 100 cm. (occasion- 

 ally to 120 cm.) tall; sheaths scabrous 

 to rather sparsely pilose; blades flat, 

 mostly 20 to 30 cm. long, the lower 

 shorter (those of the innovations 

 numerous) , scabrous or sparsely pilose, 



