MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OK THE UNITED STATES 



93 



branches ascending, flcxuous, finally 

 more or less spreading; spikelets 

 somewhat elliptic;, 4- to 7-flowcred, 6 

 to 7 mm. long; glumes 1.5 to 2 and 2 

 to 2.5 mm. long, the second 3-nerved; 

 lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long, scaberu- 

 lous, obtuse, the scarious tip erose; 

 anthers linear, about 1 mm. long; 

 caryopsis with a crown of erect white 

 hairs 0.2 to 0.25 mm. long. % 

 Shallow cold water, Maine to Wis- 

 consin, south to North Carolina and 

 Missouri. Resembles species of Poa. 

 20. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) St. 

 John. (Fig. 106.) Resembling G. pal- 

 lida and appearing to grade into it; 

 culms more slender, 20 to 40 cm. 

 long; blades 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 

 on the average smaller, the branches ^^\ 

 finally spreading or reflexed ; spikelets 

 mostly 3- to 5-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. 

 long; glumes and lemmas a little 

 shorter than in G. pallida; anthers 

 globose, 0.2 to 0.5 mm. long; crown of 



? ■ l • n 1 l oi Figure 106 



hairs 01 caryopsis 0.1 mm. long. % x 10 



-Shallow water, Newfoundland to 

 Minnesota, south to Pennsylvania. 



Glyceria fernaldii. Plant, 

 (Collins, Fernald, and Pease, 



X 1; floret, 

 Quebec.) 



8. SCLEROCHLOA Beauv. 

 Spikelets 3-flowered, the upper floret sterile; rachilla continuous, broad, 

 thick, the spikelet falling entire; glumes broad, obtuse, rather firm, with hya- 

 line margins, the first 3-nerved, the second 7-nerved; lemmas rounded on the 

 back, obtuse with 5 prominent parallel nerves and hyaline margins; palea 

 hyaline, sharply keeled. Low tufted annual, with broad upper sheaths, folded 

 blades with boat-shaped tips, and dense spikelike racemes, the spikelets 

 subsessile, imbricate in 2 rows on 1 side of the broad thick rachis. Type 

 species, Sclerochloa dura. Name from Greek sJcleros, hard, and chloa, grass, 

 alluding to the firm glumes. 



1. Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. 

 (Fig. 107.) Culms erect to spreading, 

 2 to 7 cm. long; foliage glabrous, the 

 lower leaves very small, the upper in- 

 creasingly larger, with broad over- 

 lapping sheaths; blades 7 to 18 mm. 

 long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, the upper ex- 

 ceeding the raceme, the junction with 

 the sheath obscure; raceme 1 to 2 cm. 



long, nearly half as wide; spikelets 6 

 to 7 mm. long on very short thick 

 pedicels; first glume about one-third, 

 the second half as long as the spike- 

 lets; lower lemma 5 mm. long. O 

 —Dry sandy or gravelly soil, Wash- 

 ington, Oregon, Idaho, Colorado, 

 Utah, and Texas; New York; intro- 

 duced from southern Europe. 



9. SCOLOCHLOA Link 



(Fluminea Fries) 



Spikelets 3- or 4-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes 

 and between the florets; glumes nearly equal, somewhat scarious and lacerate 

 at summit, the first 3-nerved, the second 5-nerved, about as long as the first 

 lemma ; lemmas firm, rounded on the back, villous on the callus, 7-nerved, the 



