MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 



sometimes coarsely pubescent, the 

 awns 1 to 4 cm. long, slender, straight. 

 01 (H. hystrix Millsp.)— Moist or 

 rocky woods, Nova Scotia to North 

 Dakota, south to Georgia and Arkan- 

 sas. Plants with pubescent lemmas 

 have been differentiated as H. patula 

 var. bigeloviana (Fernald) Deam. Such 

 plants occur throughout the range, 

 except from Delaware, Maryland, and 

 southward. 



2. Hystrix californica (Boland.) 

 Kuntze. (Fig. 360.) Culms stout, 1 to 

 2 m. tall; sheaths hispid or the upper Figure 360. 

 smooth; blades as much as 2 cm. 

 wide; spike 12 to 25 cm. long; spike- 

 lets usually 3 or 4 at a node, 1.2 to 

 1.5 cm. long, thicker than in H. 

 patula, ascending at maturity; lem- 

 mas hispidulous, the awn about 2 cm. 

 long. % — Woods and shaded 



267 



-Hystrix californica. Spike, X Vi ; floret, 

 X 3. (Vasey, Calif.) 



banks, near the coast, Sonoma 

 County to Santa Cruz County, Calif. 

 In addition to the sessile spikelets 

 there may be a short branch bearing 

 1 or 2 spikelets. 



49. HORDEUM L. Barley 



Spikelets 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered), 3 (sometimes 2) together at each 

 node of the articulate rachis (continuous in Hordeum vulgare) , the back of the 

 lemma turned from the rachis, the middle spikelet sessile, the lateral ones 

 pediceled (except in H. vulgare and H. montanense) ; rachilla disarticulating 

 above the glumes and, in the central spikelet, prolonged behind the palea as a 

 bristle and sometimes bearing a rudimentary floret; lateral spikelets usually 

 imperfect, sometimes reduced to bristles; glumes narrow, often subulate and 

 awned, standing in front of the spikelet; lemmas rounded on the back, 5- 

 nerved, usually obscurely so, tapering into a usually long awn. Annual or 

 perennial low or rather tall grasses, with flat blades and dense bristly spikes, 

 disarticulating at the base of the rachis segment, this remaining as a stipe 

 below the attached triad of spikelets. Type species, Hordeum vulgare. Hordeum, 

 the old Latin name for barley. 



Aside from the well-known cultivated barley, H. vulgare, the species are of 

 relatively minor value. All furnish forage when young, but many species are 

 aggressive weeds and some (especially H. jubatum) at maturity are injurious 

 to stock because of the sharp-pointed joints of the mature spikes, which pierce 

 the nose and mouth parts. The auricle at the base of the blades, characteristic 

 of Hordeae, is wanting in some species of this genus. 



Plants perennial; awns slender; auricle wanting. 



Lateral spikelets sessile; central spikelet usually 2-flowered 1. H. montanense. 



Lateral spikelets pedicellate. 



Spike, including awns, as broad as long or nearly so (narrower in var. caespitosum) ; 



awns 2 to 5 cm. long 2. H. jubatum. 



Spike, including awns, much longer than broad, awns not more than 1 cm. long. 

 Floret of lateral spikelet evident, from staminate to reduced and empty; spike 6 to 



10 mm. wide; blades 3 to 8 mm. wide-— 3. H. brachyantherum. 



Floret of lateral spikelets scarcely distinct from its awn; spike about 5 mm. wide; 



blades 2 to 3 mm. wide _ 4. H. californicum. 



Plants annual, branching at base; awns mostly stouter. 

 Blades with prominent auricles at base. 



Rachis continuous, the 3 spikelets sessile 11. H. vulgare. 



