MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 



Introduced; Eurasia. Occasionally 

 cultivated as a meadow grass. 



3. Alopecunis alpinus J. E. Smith. 

 Alpine foxtail. (Fig. 503.) Peren- 

 nial; culms erect or often decumbent 

 at base, rather stiff and rushlike, 10 

 to 80 cm. tall, with slender rhizomes; 

 sheaths glabrous, often inflated; 

 blades 3 to 5 mm. wide; panicle ovoid 

 or oblong, 1 to 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. 

 wide, woolly; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long, 

 woolly; lemma awned near the base, 

 the awn exserted slightly or as much 

 as 5 mm. 9[ — Mountain meadows 

 and along brooks, Greenland to 

 Alaska, south in the Rocky Moun- 

 tains to Colorado and Utah; Arctic 

 regions and northern Eurasia. 



4. Alopecurus pallescens Piper. 

 Washington foxtail. (Fig. 504.) 

 Perennial, tufted, pale green; culms 

 30 to 50 cm. tall, erect, or lower nodes 

 geniculate; sheaths somewhat in- 

 flated; panicle pale, dense, 2 to 7 cm. 

 long, 4 to 6 mm. thick; glumes about 

 3 mm. long, ciliate on the keel, ap- 

 pressed-pubescent on the sides; lem- 

 ma awned near the base, the awn ex- 

 serted 3 to 5 mm.; anthers about 2 

 mm. long. 91 — Edges of ponds 

 and wet places, British Columbia and 

 Montana to Washington and north- 

 ern California. 



5. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 

 Short-awn foxtail. (Fig. 505.) Per- 

 ennial; culms erect or spreading, usu- 

 ally not rooting at the nodes, 15 to 60 

 cm. tall; blades 1 to 4 mm. wide; pan- 

 icle slender, 2 to 7 cm. long, about 4 

 mm. thick; spikelets 2 mm. long; awn 

 of lemma scarcely exserted; anthers 

 about 0.5 mm. long. % (A. aris- 

 tulatus Michx.) — In water and wet 

 places, Greenland to Alaska, south to 

 Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas, New 

 Mexico, and California; Eurasia. 



6. Alopecurus geniculates L. 

 Water foxtail. (Fig. 506.) Differing 

 from A . aequalis chiefly in the usually 

 more decumbent culms rooting at the 

 nodes and the longer awn exserted 2 

 to 3 mm., giving the panicle a softly 

 bristly appearance; spikelets about 

 2.5 mm. long, the tip dark purple; 



359 



Figure 501. — Alopecurus myosuroides. Glumes and 

 floret, X 10. (Commons, 14, Del.) 



awn of lemma about as long again as 

 the spikelet; anthers about 1.5 mm. 

 long. Q[ — In water and wet places, 

 Newfoundland to Saskatchewan and. 

 British Columbia; Maine to Virginia; 

 Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin; 

 Kansas and Wyoming to Utah; Mon- 

 tana; Washington to California and 

 Arizona; Eurasia. 



7. Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. 

 (Fig. 507.) Annual; culms tufted, 

 much branched at base, 10 to 50 cm. 

 tall; similar to A. geniculatus and A. 

 aequalis, but panicle more slender 

 than in the former; spikelets 2 to 2.5 

 mm. long, pale, the awn as in A. 

 geniculatus; anthers about 0.5 mm. 

 long. O (A. ramosus Foir.) — Moist 

 open ground, old fields, and wet 

 places, British Columbia; Long Is- 

 land, N. Y., to Florida, Washington, 

 and California, except West Virginia, 

 Nevada, and New Mexico. 



