MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 551 



placing some of the troublesome plish; glumes nearly as long as the lemmas; 



weec [g sterile lemmas thinly silky-villous; fertile 



lemma silky on the nerves. 21 — Grown 

 Ehrhaeta calycina J. E. Smith. Erect at Davis, Calif., as a promising drought- 

 leafy perennial to 75 cm. tall; panicle 10 to resistant grass for nonirngated range lands. 

 15 cm. long, branchlets and pedicels sub- Introduced; South Africa, 

 capillary; spikelets 7 to 8 mm. long, pur- 



118. PHALARIS L. Canary grass 



Spikelets laterally compressed, with 1 terminal perfect floret and 2 sterile 

 lemmas below (obsolete in Phalaris paradoxa), the rachilla disarticulating 

 above the glumes, the usually inconspicuous sterile lemmas falling closely 

 appressed to the fertile floret; glumes equal, boat-shaped, often winged on the 

 keel; sterile lemmas reduced to 2 small, usually minute, scales (rarely only 1); 

 fertile lemma coriaceous, shorter than the glumes, enclosing the faintly 2- 

 nerved palea. Annuals or perennials, with numerous flat blades, and narrow 

 or spikelike panicles. Type species, Phalaris canariensis. Phalaris, an old 

 Greek name for a grass. 



Spikelets in groups of 7, 1 fertile surrounded by 6 sterile, the group falling entire. 



1. P. PARADOXA. 



Spikelets all alike, not in groups falling entire. 

 Plants perennial. 



Rhizomes wanting; panicle dense, ovate or oblong 8. P. californica. 



Rhizomes present; panicle narrow, spreading during anthesis... . 9. P. arundinacea. 

 Plants annual. 



Glumes broadly winged; panicle ovate or short-oblong. 



Sterile lemma solitary; fertile lemma 3 mm. long 4. P. minor. 



Sterile lemmas 2, fertile lemma 4 to 6 mm. long. 



Sterile lemmas 0.6 mm. long or less 3. P. brachystachys. 



Sterile lemmas half as long as fertile 2. P. canariensis. 



Glumes wingless or nearly so; panicles oblong or linear, dense. 



Glumes wingless, acuminate; fertile lemma turgid, the acuminate apex smooth. 



7. P. LEMMONI. 



Glumes narrowly winged toward summit, acute or abruptly pointed; fertile lemma 

 less turgid, villous to the acute apex. 

 Panicle tapering to each end, mostly 2 to 6 cm. long (occasionally longer). 



5. P. CAROLINIANA. 



Panicle subcylindric, mostly 6 to 15 cm. long (occasionally smaller). 



6. P. ANGUSTA. 



1. Phalaris paradoxa L. (Fig. 797.) 

 Annual, tufted, more or less spreading spikelets of lower part of panicle 

 at base; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; pan- short-pediceled, the glumes of the 

 icle dense, oblong, narrowed at base, outer 4 spikelets deformed, cuneate- 

 2 to 6 cm. long, often enclosed at base clavate. O — Occasional in grain- 

 in the uppermost enlarged sheath; fields and waste places, California 

 spikelets finally falling from the axis and Arizona; ballast, Philadelphia, 

 in groups of 6 or 7, those of the upper New Orleans; introduced from Medi- 

 part of the panicle slender-pediceled, terranean region, 

 the central spikelet fertile, the sub- Phalaris paradoxa var. prae- 

 ulate-acuminate glumes with a promi- m6rsa (Lam.) Coss. and Dur. Pan- 

 nent toothlike wing near the middle icle mostly smaller, all the spikelets 

 of the keel, the others sterile, with short-pediceled and with outer sterile 

 smaller pointed glumes with toothed- spikelets having deformed clavate 

 winged keels; fertile lemma 3 mm. glumes, as in the lower part of panicle 

 long, with only a few hairs toward the of the species; glumes of all spikelets 

 summit, the sterile lemmas obsolete; subindurate. O — Fields and waste 



