712 



MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Figure 1084. — Echinochloa polystachya, X 1. (Chase 

 6319, P. R.) 



crowded, nearly sessile; second glume 

 and sterile lemma short-pointed, 

 rather soft, faintly nerved, the nerves 

 weakly hispid-scabrous. — 

 Ditches and moist places, Virginia 

 to Missouri, south to Florida, Texas, 

 and southeastern California; ballast, 

 Camden, N. J., Philadelphia, Pa., 

 and Portland, Oreg.; tropical regions 

 of both hemispheres; introduced in 

 America. 



3. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) 

 Beauv. Barnyard grass. (Fig. 1086.) 

 Culms erect to decumbent, stout, as 

 much as 1 m. or even 1.5 m. tall, 

 often branching at base; sheaths gla- 

 brous; blades elongate, 5 to 15 mm. 

 wide; panicle erect or nodding, purple- 

 tinged, 10 to 20 cm. long; racemes 

 spreading, ascending or appressed, 

 the lower somewhat distant, as much 

 as 10 cm. long, sometimes branched, 

 the upper approximate; spikelets 

 crowded, about 3 mm. long, excluding 

 the awns; internerves hispidulous; 

 nerves strongly tuberculate-hispid ; 

 awn variable, mostly 5 to 10 mm. 

 long on at least some of the spikelets, 

 sometimes as much as 3 cm. O — 

 Moist open places, ditches, cultivated 

 fields, and waste ground, New Bruns- 

 wick to Washington, south to Florida 

 and California, mostly at low and 

 medium altitudes; Eastern Hemis- 

 phere. Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) 

 Rydb. (E. muricata (Michx.) Fer- 

 nald) has been differentiated from E. 

 crusgalli by the papillae at the base 

 of the stiff hairs on the spikelets; true 

 E. crusgalli, as understood by Fer- 

 nald and by Rydberg, having hairs 

 that lack the papillose base. But the 

 European specimens have on the 

 average about as strongly tuberculate 

 spikelets as the American. The three 

 following varieties intergrade and can 

 sometimes be only arbitrarily dis- 

 tinguished. 14 



Figure 1085. 



-Echinochloa colonum, X 1. (Bentley, 

 Tex.) 



14 For various treatments of the Echinochloa crusgalli 

 complex, and for names here cited in Synonymy see 

 Fernald, F. L., Rhodora 17: 105-107. 1915; Fer- 

 nald, F. L. and Griscom, L., Rhodora 37: 136-137. 

 1935. Wiegand, K. M., 23: 49-65. 1921. For Far- 

 well, Fassett, Gleason, Rydberg, and others, see 

 references in Synonymy. 



