MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 



cemes thick, appressed, incurved; 

 spikelets more turgid, awnless, mostly 

 purple, the nerves hispid, but not, or 

 only slightly, tuberculate. O (Var. 

 edulis Hitchc.) — Occasionally culti- 

 vated as a forage grass and escaped 

 here and there. Exploited at one time 

 under the name, "billion-dollar grass." 



4. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (H. 

 B. K.) Schult. _ (Fig. 1090.) Culms 

 erect or sometimes decumbent at 

 base, as much as 1 m. tall; blades 5 

 to 15 mm. wide; panicle 10 to 20 

 cm. long, nodding, rather soft, pink- 

 ish or pale purple; racemes mostly 

 ascending or appressed, the lower 

 somewhat distant; spikelets about 3 

 mm. long, hispid on the nerves, 

 hispidulous on the internerves, the 

 awn usually about 1 cm. long. O 

 (E. cmsgalli crus-pavonis Hitchc.) — 

 Marshes and wet places, often in the 

 water, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana, 

 southern Texas, and through tropical 

 America at low altitudes. 



5. Echinochloa paludigena Wie- 

 gand. (Fig. 1091.) Culms mostly soli- 



Figure 1090. — Echinochloa crus-pavonis, X 1 

 (Sintenis 1889, P. R.) 



Figure 1091. — Echinochloa paludigena, X 1. (Fred- 

 holm 6390, Fla.) 



tary, erect, rather stout, usually 1 to 

 1.5 m. tall; blades elongate, 8 to 20 

 mm. wide; panicle narrow, usually 20 

 to 30 cm. long; racemes ascending, 

 usually simple, rather evenly dis- 

 tributed on the axis, not closely 

 crowded, sometimes remote; spike- 

 lets about as in E. crusgalli, but on 

 the average less strongly tuberculate; 

 sterile floret staminate. O — 

 Ditches, marshes, and wet places, 

 often in shallow water, south and cen- 

 tral Florida. 



6. Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) 

 Heller. (Fig. 1092.) Culms usually 

 stout, erect, 1 to 2 m. tall; sheaths 

 papillose-hispid or papillose only, 

 sometimes only the lower sheaths 

 hispid or the hairs on the margins 

 only; blades elongate; panicle dense, 

 nodding, mostly 20 to 30 cm. long, 

 purplish; spikelets about 4 mm. long, 

 less turgid than in E. crusgalli; the 



