MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 



995 



PHYLLOSTACHYS Sieb. and Zucc. 



Type species: Phyllostachys bambusoides 



Sieb. and Zucc. 



Phyllostachys Sieb. and Zucc, Abh. 

 Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3 3 : 745, pi. 5. 1843. 

 A single species included, Phyllostachys 

 bambusoides Sieb. and Zucc. 



A large genus of Asiatic bamboos. 



PSEUDOSASA Makino 



Type species: Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. 

 and Zucc.) Makino. 

 Pseudosasa Makino, Jour. Jap. Bot. 2 4 : 

 15. 1920. No generic description. "The 

 diagnosis will appear in the forecoming 

 number." Three species are transferred to 

 the genus, the first being Pseudosasa 

 japonica (Sieb. and Zucc.) Makino. The 

 diagnosis was published in English by 

 Makino, Jour. Jap. Bot. 5 4 : 15. 1928, 

 P. japonica (Sieb. and Zucc.) Makino being 

 one of the seven species included, 



(3) BRACHYPODIUM Beauv. 



Type species: Brachypodium pinnaium (L.) 

 Beauv. 



Brachypodium Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 100, 

 pi. 19, f. 3. 1812. Twenty-two names are 

 listed under the genus, several of them not 

 congeneric with B. pinnatwm, based on 

 Bromus pinnatus L., which is taken as the 

 type because it is the only one illustrated. 



Trachynia Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 42. 1827. 

 Two species are included, Trachynia dis- 

 tachya (L.) Link, based on Bromus dis- 

 tachyos L., and T. rigida (Roth) Link, based 

 on Festuca rigida Roth, differentiated from 

 Brachypodium on glumes longer than the 

 lower floret. 



Perennials or annuals with racemes of 

 subsessile, many-flowered spikelets. Several 

 species in Eurasia and Africa, one native of 

 Mexico and Central America, and a few 

 introduced in North and South America. 



(9) SCOLOCHLOA Link 



(Fluminea Fries) 



Type species: Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) 

 Link. 



Scolochloa Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 136. 

 1827; not Scolochloa Mert. and Koch, 1823. 

 A single species included, Scolochloa festu- 

 cacea (Willd.) Link, based on Arundo festu- 

 cacea Willd. 



Fluminia Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 247. 

 1846. Based on Festuca borealis Mert. and 

 Koch. A single species included, its name 

 being given as u Festuca borealis or Fluminea 

 arundinacea." This is the same as Scolochloa 

 festucacea. 



The genus consists of a single marsh grass 

 of Eurasia, Canada, and northern United 

 States. 



(11) HESPEROCHLOA (Piper) Rydb. 



Type species: Festuca confinis Vasey (F. 

 kingii Cassidy). 



Festuca subgenus Hesperochloa Piper, 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. Contrib. 10: 40, pi. 15. 

 1906. A single species is included, F. con- 

 finis Vasey (Hesperochloa kingii (S. Wats.) 

 Rydb.). 



Hesperochloa (Piper) Rydb., Torrey Bot. 

 Club Bui. 39: 106. 1912. Based on Festuca 

 subgenus Hesperochloa Piper. 



Wasatchia Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 

 14: 16. 1912. A single species is included, 

 W. kingii (S. Wats.) Jones. 



The genus consists of a single dioecious 

 species of the Western States. 



(32 A.) ECTOSPERMA Swallen 



Spikelets several-flowered, glumes and 

 lemmas persistent on the continuous short- 

 jointed rachilla, the caryopsis falling free; 

 glumes subequal, about reaching the summit 

 of the spikelet, broad, spreading, 7- to 11- 

 nerved; lemmas rounded on the back, 

 closely imbricate, thin, 5- to 7-nerved, 

 densely long villous on the margins in the 

 lower half to two- thirds; palea as long as 

 the lemma or slightly exceeding it, the 

 broad margins densely long villous nearly 

 to the summit, the apex more or less erose 

 or lacerate; caryopsis readily falling from 

 the floret, broadly elliptic, the embryo 

 broad, about two-thirds the length of the 

 grain; stamens 3. Rigid perennial with firm 

 pungent blades and narrow, simple panicles 

 of broad spikelets. Only known from the 

 type species, Ectosperma alexandrae. Name 

 from ectos, free from, and sperma, seed. 



1. Ectosperma alexandrae Swallen. (Fig. 

 1200.) Rigid perennial, branching at base 

 from an erect or creeping thick scaly rhizome 

 with woolly nodes; flowering culms erect or 

 ascending, 30 to 35 cm. tall, sulcate-ridged, 

 puberulent at the summit, otherwise glab- 

 rous; leaves 2 or 3 above the base, distant, 

 the sheaths much shorter than the inter- 

 nodes, the uppermost about reaching the 

 base of the panicle, villous on the margin 

 toward the summit; ligule a ring of hairs 

 about 1 mm. long; blades rigid, 5 to 9 cm. 

 long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, tapering to a pungent 

 apex, the upper 2 blades subulate; leaves of 

 the few to several stout erect sterile branches 

 at base numerous, the sheaths much over- 

 lapping, long-villous on the margin and 

 densely so at the summit; blades con- 

 spicuously distichous, rigid, 4 to 14, mostly 



5 to 7 cm., long (the lower shorter), 3 to 



6 mm. wide, tapering to a pungent apex; 

 panicle erect or nearly so, simple, 6 to 10 

 cm. long, the axis and few, short, 2- to 

 3-flowered branches compressed, sparsely 

 pubescent; spikelets on short, pubescent 

 pedicels, scarcely imbricate, palea, 1 to 1.5 

 cm. long, nearly as wide; rachilla com- 

 pressed, bearded at the nodes; glumes 9 to 



