530 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



exceeding the second glume; fertile lemma about 2 mm long, brown, 

 smooth and shining. % — Meadows, pastures, and waste places, 

 Greenland and Newfoundland to Louisiana and Michigan, and on the 

 Pacific coast from British Columbia to northern 

 California (fig. 1115); introduced from Eurasia. 

 Sometimes included in meadow mixtures to 

 give fragrance to the hay but the grass has no 

 forage value. 



2. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. (Fig. 



1114, B.) Differing from A. odoratum in being 



annual, the culms lower, often geniculate and 



bushy branching; panicles looser; spikelets a 



Waste places in several localities from Maine 



Mississippi; Vancouver Island; Oregon (fig. 



/£7r 





V_^, 1 py 



/-7J-J; 



1 r ~ 

 f pz 





Figure 1115.— Distribution of 

 Anthoxanthum odoratum. 



little smaller, o 



to Iowa, Florida, and 



1116); introduced from Europe. 



Anthoxanthum gracile Bivon. Tufted annual; culms 20 cm tall; blades 

 pubescent; panicle silvery; spikelets about 12 mm long, conspicuously awned 

 O — Occasionally cultivated for dry bouquets. Italy. 



110. PHALARIS L. Canary grass 



Figure 1116.— Distribution of 

 Anthoxanthum aristatum. 



Spikelets laterally compressed, with 1 terminal perfect floret and 

 2 sterile lemmas below (obsolete in Phalaris paradoxa), the rachilla 

 disarticulating above the glumes, the usually 

 inconspicuous sterile lemmas falling closely 

 appressed to the fertile floret; glumes equal, 

 boat-shaped, often winged on the keel; sterile 

 lemmas reduced to 2 small usually minute 

 scales (rarely only 1); fertile lemma coriaceous, 

 shorter than the glumes, enclosing the faintly 2- 

 nerved palea. Annuals or perennials, with 

 numerous flat blades, and narrow or spikelike 

 panicles. Type species, Phalaris canariensis. Phalaris, an old Greek 

 name for a grass. 

 Spikelets in groups of 7, 1 fertile surrounded by 6 sterile, the group falling entire. 



1. P. PARADOXA. 



Spikelets all alike, not in groups falling entire. 

 Plants perennial. 



Rhizomes wanting; panicle dense, ovate or oblong 8. P. californica. 



Rhizomes present; panicle narrow, spreading during anthesis. 



9. P. ARUNDINACEA. 



Plants annual. 



Glumes broadly winged; panicle ovate or short-oblong. 



Sterile lemma solitary ; fertile lemma 3 mm long 4 . P. minor. 



Sterile lemmas 2, fertile lemma 4 to 6 mm long. 



Sterile lemmas 0.6 mm long or less 3. P. brachystachys. 



Sterile lemmas half as long as fertile 2. P. canariensis. 



Glumes wingless or nearly so; panicles oblong or linear, dense. 



Glumes wingless, acuminate; fertile lemma turgid, the acuminate apex 



smooth 7. P. LEMMONI. 



Glumes narrowly winged toward summit, acute or abruptly pointed; 

 fertile lemma less turgid, villous to the acute apex. 

 Panicle tapering to each end, mostly 2 to 6 cm long (occasionally longer) . 



5. P. CAROLINIANA. 



Panicle subcylindric, mostly 6 to 15 cm long (occasionally smaller). 



6. P. angusta. 



1. Phalaris paradoxa L. (Fig. 1117.) Annual, tufted, more or 

 less spreading at base; culms 30 to 60 cm tall; panicle dense, oblong 



