MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 531 



narrowed at base, 2 to 6 cm long, often enclosed at base in the upper- 

 most enlarged sheath; spikelets finally falling from the axis in groups 

 of 6 or 7, those of the upper part of the panicle slender-pediceled, the 

 central spikelet fertile, the subulate-acuminate glumes with a promi- 

 nent tooth-like wing near the middle of the keel, the others sterile, 

 with smaller pointed glumes with toothed-winged keels; fertile lemma 

 3 mm long, with only a few hairs toward the summit, the sterile 

 lemmas obsolete; spikelets of lower part of panicle short-pediceled, the 

 glumes of the outer four spikelets deformed, cuneate-clavate. o — 

 Occasional in grain fields 

 and waste places, Cali- 

 fornia; ballast, Phila- 

 delphia, New Orleans; 

 introduced from Medi- 

 terranean region. 



Phalaris paradoxa 

 var. praemorsa (Lam.) 

 Coss. and Dur. Panicle 

 mostly smaller, all the 

 spikelets short-pediceled 

 and with outer sterile 

 spikelets having de- 

 formed clavate glumes, as 

 in the lower part of pani- 

 cle of the species ; glumes 

 of all spikelets subindur- 

 ate. o — Fields and 

 waste places, Washing- 

 ton to California; ballast, 

 Philadelphia ; introduced 

 from Mediterranean re- 



gion. 



2. Phalaris canadensis 



L. Canary grass. (Fig. 

 1118.) Annual; culms 

 erect, 30 to 60 cm tall; 

 panicle ovate to oblong- 

 ovate, dense, 1.5 to 4 cm 

 long; spikelets broad, im- 

 bricate, pale with green 

 stripes; glumes 7 to 8 mm long, abruptly pointed, the green keel with 

 a prominent pale wing, broadened upward; fertile lemma 5 to 6 mm 

 long, acute, densely appressed-pubescent; sterile lemmas at least half 

 as long as fertile, o — Waste places, infrequent, Nova Scotia to 

 Alaska, south to Virginia, Kansas, Wyoming, and California, and 

 occasionally southward (fig. 1119) ; introduced from the western Medi- 

 terranean region. This species furnishes the canary seed of commerce. 



3. Phalaris brachystachys Link. (Fig. 1120.) Differing from 

 P. canariensis in having smaller spikelets, the glumes about 6 mm long, 

 the fertile lemma 4 to 5 mm long, and especially in the short sterile 

 lemmas not more than 0.6 mm long, o — Texas (Asherton); 

 California (Butte County) ; Oregon (ballast, near Portland) ; introduced 

 from the Mediterranean region. 



Figure 1117. 



-Phalaris paradoxa. 

 (B) spikelets, X 5. 



Plant, X 1; sterile (^4) and fertile 

 (Heller 11391, Calif.) 



