SEEPHOID AND CHALCIDOID PAEASITES OF THE HESSIAN FLY 45 



tioned the species as a parasite of the fly in North America and com- 

 pared it with Ewpelmyws karschii Lindeman reared from the same host 

 in Russsia. The next reference of importance was that by Kelly in 

 1910, in which is given a short account of the life history together 

 with brief descriptions of the egg, larva, and pupa and the fact is 

 recorded that the species occasionally acts as a secondary parasite. 

 In 1916 C. M. Packard published a more detailed account of its 

 biology as a parasite of the hessian fly, giving figures of egg, larva, 

 and pupa; and in 1921 Phillips and Poos gave an excellent account 

 of its development as a parasite of jointworms, including figures of 

 adult, larva, and pupa. Many other writers have mentioned the 

 species, as will be seen by the long list of references cited above, but 

 most of these citations are in the nature of repetitions or reviews of 

 the articles mentioned. A few contain original host records, which 

 will be mentioned in the discussion of the hosts. 



HOSTS AND LIFE HISTORY 



Eupelmus allynii, like many other species of Eupelmus, is decidedly 

 polyphagic. While its hosts are usually species which live in the 

 stems of grasses and grains, it apparently is not confined in its opera- 

 tions to such hosts. It was first recorded as a parasite of the barley 

 and wheat jointworms by Harris and French and it is said by 

 Phillips and Poos to attack no less than 11 species of the genus 

 Harmolita, all of which infest the stems of grains and grasses. 

 Phillips and Poos found, also, that it frequently developed as a sec- 

 ondary parasite, using as its victims Ditropinotus aswreoviridis Craw- 

 ford, (Homoporus) Merisoporus chalcidiphagus (Walsh and Riley), 

 and Eurytoma sp., primary parasites of the jointworms. Riley's first 

 record of its parasitism of Phytophaga destructor has been con- 

 firmed by many subsequent authors. Criddle has recorded it from 

 Cephus ductus Norton, the wheat stem sawfly, and also as a secondary 

 parasite on that species through Miorobracon cephi Gahan. Ries 

 bred it from Cephus pygmaeus Linnaeus. Phillips obtained it as a 

 parasite of Eurytoma parva Phillips, a species which is said to de- 

 velop either as a parasite of the jointworms or as a phytophagous 

 species. According to Kelly it sometimes attacks Merisus febriculosus 

 Girault, a primary parasite of the hessian fly, and Packard reared 

 it experimentally upon Merisus destructor (Say) and Eupteromalus 

 fulvipes (Forbes). Dunnam claims to have reared it from the 

 apple leaf trumpet miner (Tischeria malifoliella Clemens). 



In addition to these published records Myers, in an unpublished 

 manuscript, states that he observed more than 50 instances of its 

 occurrence as a parasite upon Platygaster attacking the hessian fly 

 and that in half of these cases the host was identified as P. zosine 

 Walker. He also reared it from Tracheitis tabidus Fabricius and 

 further states that it was reared by C. N. Ainslie from Meromyza 

 sp. Still other records taken from specimens in the National Mu- 

 seum collection are as follows: From egg nests of Melampsalta 

 calliope Walker, Phillips County, Kans., by R. H. Beamer ; from eggs 

 of Oecanthus sp., Pittsylvania County, Va., by J. S. Pinckney; from 

 Mompha eloisella Clemens, Gretna, Va., by J. S. Pinckney; from 

 Procystiphora junci Felt, Centralia, 111., by W. B. Cartwright; from 

 Languria mozardi Latreille, Tempe, Ariz., by V. L. Wildermuth. 



