SEEPHOtD AND CHALCIDOID PAKASITES OF THE HESSIAN FLY 49 



Male. — Length 1.5 to 2 mm. Antennae not clavate, cylindrical, often taper- 

 ing slightly toward apex ; scape about twice as long as broad ; pedicel a little 

 longer than broad, ring joint small and transverse ; flagellar joints as thick 

 as pedicel, variable in length, the first flagellar joint varying from iy 2 to 2y 2 

 times as long as broad ; other flagellar joints iy 2 to 2 times as long as broad ; 

 club 3-jointed, not broader than funicle, a little longer than two preceding 

 joints. Mesoscutum weakly convex, not depressed in the middle, the parap- 

 sidal grooves complete ; scutellum convex, with a little broader base on mes- 

 oscutum than in female ; propodeum nearly smooth, with a median carina but 

 without lateral folds; wings fully developed, about twice as long as broad, 

 marginal vein not quite twice as long as stigmal, the stigmal vein strongly 

 curved; ciliation of fore wing uniform except for a broad oblique area behind 

 the base of marginal vein. Abdomen elliptical, about as long as thorax, retic- 

 ulately sculptured, the tergites not emarginate. Color of head and thorax 

 metallic blue-green ; abdomen aeneous black, usually metallic green at base ; 

 antennae black, the scape slightly metallic ; wings hyaline ; coxae and femora 

 dark, slightly metallic ; trochanters and narrow apices of anterior and median 

 femora yellow; all tibiae pale yellow, the two posterior pairs with a blackish 

 or fuscous band just before apex ; tarsi pale at base, blackish at apex. 



The foregoing description is based on 15 specimens (8 females and 

 7 males) reared by Marchal in France from Phytophaga destructor 

 and Mayetiola avenae Marchal; 4 specimens (2 females and 2 males) 

 from Italy reared by Chamberlin from Tetrastichus incertus (Ratze- 

 burg) attacking Phytonomus posticus Gyllenhal; 2 females and 3 

 males reared by M. N. Nikolskaja from alfalfa seed infested with 

 Bruchophagus funebris Howard at Poltava, Russia; and 1 female 

 from Russia identified by Ruschka which bears the label " aus Isos. 

 rossicum. Rimsky." 



REVIEW OF LITERATURE 



Eupelmus atropurpureus was originally described by Dalman in 

 1820 from specimens collected in Sweden. Nees published a rede- 

 scription of it in 1834. The male, but not the female, described by 

 Walker in 1837 as Macroneura maculipes is believed to be atropur- 

 pureus instead of vesicularis, although it has been treated as a 

 synoym of the latter by Dalla Torre and Ruschka. In 1840 Blanch- 

 ard transferred atropurpureus to Urocryptus Westwood. Thomson 

 redescribed it in 1875 under the name Eupelmus atrocoeruleus, the 

 spelling of the specific name probably being a lapsus. In 1897 Ash- 

 mead and also Marchal recorded it as parasitic upon both Phytophaga 

 destructor and Mayetiola avenae in France, and the following year 

 Dalla Torre listed it in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum and cited 

 Bruchus varius Olivier as its host, apparently on the authority of 

 Goureau. Rudow in 1912 listed six different species of the genus 

 Orchestes as attacked by it. Rimsky-Korsakov in 1914 gave an ac- 

 count of its biology and named Philachyra apterum (Portchinsky), 

 (Isoso?na) Harmolita rossicum (Rimsky-Korsakov), H. eremitum 

 (Portchinsky), H. inquilinum (Rimsky-Korsakov), and Homoporus 

 luniger (Nees) as hosts. In 1921 Ruschka treated it in a revision of 

 the Eupelminae of Europe, citing Cleonymus kemipterus Fonscolombe 

 as a synonym and mentioning the host records by Marchal and also 

 stating that specimens in the Mayr collection received from Rimsky- 

 Korsakov had been reared from (Isosoma) Harmolita rossicum 

 (Rimsky-Korsakov), H. noxiale, and H. apterum (Portschinsky). 

 Chamberlin in 1924 and again in 1925 recorded the species as a sec- 

 ondary parasite of Phytonomus posticus Gyllenhal, and in 1929 



6685°— 33 1 



