SERFHOID AND CHALClDOlD PARASITES OF THE HESSIAN FLY 55 



brownish black to tawny, the prothorax and pleura usually strongly tinged with 

 cupreous ; wings hyaline at base, strongly infuscated apically ; legs brownish 

 testaceous, the apices of tibiae and the tarsi paler testaceous ; abdomen black, 

 with a basal band embracing most of the first tergite pale testaceous ; ovipositor 

 dark at base and apex with a broad yellowish band in the middle. 



No male of the species has been seen by the writer and, for reasons 

 stated in the discussion of Eupelmus atropurpureus, none is believed 

 to exist. Descriptions in the literature purporting to deal with males 

 of vesicularis or its synonyms are believed to refer in most instances 

 to atropurpureus. 



Described from 107 female specimens in the National Museum col- 

 lection. Included in this series are specimens representative of all 

 the American host records given in the list of hosts. Also included 

 are: 1 broken specimen received from Lindeman bearing his hand- 

 written label " Euryscapus saltator" and believed to be a cotype; 1 

 specimen without locality or host data, identified by Francis Walker 

 as Eupehnus degeeri; 1 from Vienna, Austria, identified by G. Mayr 

 as E. degeeri; 5 reared by Paul Marchal in France and identified by 

 Ashmead as E. degeeri; 2 from Blankenburg, Germany, without fur- 

 ther data; 8 reared at Poltava, Russia, by M. Nikolskaja from alfalfa 

 seed infested by Bruchophagus funebris and identified by the col- 

 lector as Eupehnus vesicularis ; and 1 said to have been extracted 

 from a seed of Vicia originating in Turkestan and collected at quar- 

 antine in Washington, D.C. 



REVIEW OF LITERATURE 



De Geer published a description together with a very fair figure 

 of this species as early as 1771, placing it in Ichneumion; but the spe- 

 cies was not named until 1783, when Retzius published a short de- 

 scription accompanied by a reference to de Geer's figure and called 

 it Ichneumon vesicularis. Spinola in 1808 referred the species 

 to Diplolepis. In 1820 Dalman again described the species, giving 

 to it the name Eupelmus degeeri in honor of de Geer whose original 

 description and figure he cited, and in 1834 this specific name was 

 amended to geeri by Nees who gave a description and cited de Geer's, 

 Spinola's, and Dalman's references as synonyms. Walker published 

 a description of it in 1837 and figured the female in 1841, using the 

 name E. degeeri. Foerster in 1841 figured what appears to be the 

 female, calling it geeri, but accompanied this with a description of a 

 male which may have been of some other species. Ratzeburg men- 

 tioned the species, giving short descriptive notes in 1848 and 1852, 

 and in 1872 Walker republished the figure of the female from his 

 previously mentioned paper. In 1883 Costa published a description 

 of Eupelmus albitarsis which appears to be a synonym, as Ruschka 

 pointed out in 1921. Euryscapus saltator Lindeman was described 

 as a parasite of the hessian fly in Russia in 1887 and was transferred 

 by Dalla Torre in 1898 to the genus Mira. Under the name of Eupel- 

 minus saltator (Lindeman) the species was first recorded from North 

 America, and a good account of its life history given by McConnell 

 in 1918, the present writer having been responsible for the identifica- 

 tion and placement of the species in the genus Eupelminus. In 1919 

 Masi erected the new genus Eupelmella and named Eupelmus degeeri 

 Dalman as the genotype. A revision of the Eupelminae of Europe 



