60 MISC. PUBLICATION 17 4, ti.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



puparium of P. destructor; 1 female from Birds Landing, Calif., 

 reared by M. C. Lane, August 4, 1919, from wheat containing the 

 hessian fly ; 1 female reared by B. G. Thompson September 20, 1920, at 

 Rio Vista, Calif., from Harmolita gramdis (Riley) ; 3 females reared 

 by Lane at Concord, Calif., August 4^16, 1919, from P. destructor; 

 1 female reared by T. R. Chamberlin at Molalla, Oreg., July 27, 

 1927, from Harmolita tritici (Fitch) ; and 1 female reared by G. F. 

 Knowlton in 1930, at Lake Point, Utah, from Harmolita sp. 



REVIEW OF LITERATURE 



This species was originally described in 1922 from specimens reared 

 at San Miguel, Estrella, and Concord, Calif., from wheat stems in- 

 fested with Harmolita, and from Phytophaga destructor. The only 

 other mention of it in literature is that by Packard in his bulletin on 

 the hessian fly in California, published in 1928, and it is there merely 

 listed as one of the several species attacking the fly. 



HOSTS AND LIFE HISTORY 



The only hosts thus far recorded for the species are the hessian 

 fly and the 2 or 3 three species of jointworm flies already mentioned. 

 This list of hosts will probably be increased by future studies, since 

 it is believed to be a species native to the Pacific coast and one which 

 has become associated with insects of the wheat plant only in com- 

 paratively recent years. 



Little is known of its life history. According to Packard it ovi- 

 posits in the puparium of the fly during the spring and summer. 

 Judging from the dates of emergence indicated for the specimens 

 examined, which range from May 23 to September 20, there is more 

 than one generation per season and there may be several generations. 

 Emergence is from the puparium. 



DISTRIBUTION 



So far as is known, this insect is restricted in its distribution to the 

 Pacific coast and Rocky Mountain region. It seems to be widely 

 distributed in California but is at present known from only a single 

 locality in Oregon and one in Utah. 



IMPORTANCE 



Present information indicates that the species is of very minor 

 importance as a factor in the natural control of the hessian fly. 



Family ENCYRTIDAE 



CHEILONEURUS ELEGANS (Dalman) 



(Fig. 14) 



Encyrtus elegans Dalman, Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 41 : 151, 1820. 



Eupelmus (?) elegans Dalman, Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 41: 384, 1820. 



Cheiloneurus elegans Westwood, Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 3: 343, 1833; 

 Nees von Esenbeck, Hymenopterorum ichneumonibus affinium monographiae 

 . . ., v. 2, p. 422, 1834 ; Westwood, An introduction to the modern classification 

 of insects, v. 2, synopsis, p. 72, 1840; Gahan and Fagan, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 

 124 : 32, 1923 ; Hill and Smith, Jour. Agr. Research 36 : 153, 1928. 



Cleonymus elegans Nees von Esenbeck, Hymenopterorum ichneumonibus 

 affinium monographiae . . ., v. 2, p. 88, 1834. 



