SERPHOID AND CHALCIDOID PARASITES OP THE HESSIAN FLY 63 



cernible only when mounted in balsam ; funicle 6-jointed, the joints distinctly 

 separated, each 4 to 5 times as long as broad, more or less constricted or nar- 

 rowed in the middle, the first slightly the longest joint and clothed with long- 

 irregularly placed hairs, the second to sixth joints each with similar long hairs 

 but arranged in two rather distinct whorls ; club no broader than funicle, nearly 

 twice as long as the last funicle joint, clothed with long hairs which are not 

 arranged in distinct whorls. Fronto-vertex nearly as broad as long, ocellar 

 triangle obtuse, lateral ocelli about their own diameter from eye margin ; 

 scutellum without tuft of hairs ; propodeum short, shining, and without carinae ; 

 marginal vein of fore wing not over one fourth as long as submarginal or over 

 twice as long as stigmal vein ; base of wing not bare ; abdomen shorter than the 

 thorax. General color dull metallic green ; clypeal region and mandibles red- 

 dish testaceous, remainder of face green ; pleura purplish ; propodeum coppery ; 

 abdomen purplish black with a strong metallic cast ; wings hyaline but with a 

 slight infuscation behind the marginal vein ; color of legs as in the female 

 except that median and hind coxae are brownish or blackish, only their apices 

 being pale. 



This description is based on the following material : 2 females de- 

 termined by Gustav Mayr as GKeiloneurus elegans and which were 

 obtained from the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna through an 

 exchange; 1 male and 1 female from Spain identified by Garcia 

 Mercet; and 36 females and 11 males reared from the hessian fly in 

 North America. 



REVIEW OF LITERATURE 



Dalman first described this species in 1820, giving it the name 

 Encyrtus elegans, but in a second section of the same work he trans- 

 ferred it doubtfully to the genus Eupelmus. In 1833 Westwood 

 erected the genus Cheiloneurw and cited Encyrtus elegans Dalman as 

 the type species. Nees in 1834 placed the species in Cleonymus and 

 quoted Dalman's description, but on a subsequent page of the same 

 paper he recognized Westwood's designation of it as the type of 

 Cheiloneurus. In 1837 Walker described, in the same paper, Encyr- 

 tus argentifer and Encyrtus paralid, both of which were stated by 

 Mayr in 1875 to be synonyms of elegans. Foerster in 1856 changed 

 the original spelling of Westwood's Cheiloneurus to Chilonemms and 

 mentioned Cleonymus elegans (Nees) as belonging in the genus. In 

 1875 Thomson briefly described Cheiloneurus elegans and Mayr for 

 the first time characterized the male. Two years later Giraud and 

 Laboulbene listed the species as a parasite of Kermes on Laurus 

 cerasus, this being the first host recorded for it. In 1916 it was cited 

 by Feytaud as a parasite of scale insects infesting the grape in 

 France. Masi recorded it from the island of Gigho in the Medi- 

 terranean in 1919, and in 1921 Mercet redescribed the species figur- 

 ing the venation and antenna in his treatise on the Encyrtidae of 

 Spain. He stated that his specimens were collected on unculti- 

 vated grasses. Kuschka included elegans in a key to the European 

 species of Oheiloneurus, published in 1923, and stated that it was not 

 rare in grasses in Austria from May to September. It was next 

 recorded from Pulvinaria vitis Linnaeus in Switzerland by Fernere 

 in 1926 The first and onlv published record of its occurrence in 

 North America is that by Hill and Smith, who in 1928 mentioned it 

 as a parasite of the hessian fly in the eastern part of the United 



It^as first discovered in the New World by P. R. Myers and 

 W, R. McConnell, who reared several specimens m 1915 irom 



