54 RASPBERRIES 
raspberries can be produced on light, shallow soils, but 
only at the expense of heavy manuring and mulching, 
followed by a large expenditure of labour in supplying 
_ water and liquid manures. Many gardeners have to 
grow quantities of raspberries on land upon which a 
market-grower would never think of planting, and so it | 
will be seen that the quantity and quality of the fruit 
supplied is not always a matter entirely in the hands of 
the gardener. 
It is only stating half a truth when raspberries are 
said to be surface rooting. A very casual observation 
will show that besides its surrounding circle of surface 
roots each plant has a strong, deep central root that 
serves not only to anchor and support the part above 
ground, but is useful in conveying soil-moisture (and 
consequently food also) from below—a point that is a 
decided argument in favour of a deep soil. 
PLANTING 
Assuming that the site has been chosen for the planta- 
tion, and that the ground has been previously well prepared 
as already indicated, then the work of planting the canes 
should be carried out as early as possible after the leaves 
have fallen from the canes. It is not even necessary to 
wait for the fall of the leaf, provided growth has ceased 
and the foliage is turning colour; such early planting 
can, of course, only be carried out where the planting 
canes are produced in the same garden or at a very 
short distance from it. Early planting is in any case a 
distinct advantage, as the warmth in the soil encourages 
new root action, with the result that the plants are soon 
established. 
Cut back all injured roots to healthy portions. Spread 
the roots out as far as possible, and distribute them 
