56 RASPBERRIES 
ferous roots, from which sucker growths appear at some 
little distance from the parent crown. Some of the 
varieties produce but few of these colonising suckers, 
expending their energy on the production of fruiting 
canes. These suckers are the natural method of 
increase, and ere they appear the stolon is pushed as 
far out from the parent as possible, so that the youngster 
may have all. the advantages of light, air, and new soil 
to start life with. It is such suckers as these that 
make the best canes for planting, and, as a rule, they 
are so slightly connected with the parent that after leaf 
fall they may be pulled up by hand, with a good root 
system attached. A large hand-fork, or similar tool, 
should be used to assist in the removal of suckers, so 
that as many of the roots may be preserved as possible. 
As the roots are fibrous and delicate they must be 
kept moist until planted, by means of wet mats, damp 
moss, etc., and when packed for a journey, some damp 
material must of necessity be placed around the roots if 
the receiver is to secure the best results. If on receipt, 
after a long journey by rail, the roots appear at all dry, 
it is a good plan to plunge roots and canes into a tub or 
tank of water for a few hours ere planting is proceeded 
with. | | 
Two methods are adopted for increasing scarce 
varieties or new seedlings, 7.e., cuttings of canes or of 
roots. Stem cuttings should be from six to twelve 
inches long, cut from well-ripened, unfruited canes. 
These are inserted a few inches apart, in light soil, 
burying three-fourths of their length, pressing the soil 
firmly, and subsequently providing shade and moisture 
as necessary. Root cuttings are preferable to stem 
cuttings, and are made by cutting up the long stoloni- 
ferous roots into three-inch lengths, placing these in a 
made-up bed of light soil, in a cold frame, or putting 
several together in a pan of light soil and affording 
